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A New Alternative List to the Points of Calvinism (Part Two)

Part One

Almost required in the world of theology is coming down for one or the other, and only one or the other, Calvinism or Arminianism.  I oppose this requirement.  Because such a requirement exists, people invent and label a new position such as Provisionism.  Or, they dredge up an older, rarely mentioned one, like Amyraldism, very difficult to explain or understand.  Such as these seem to attempt to fill a gap between the two poles of Calvinism and Arminianism.  Some people will just say, Biblicism, declaring that neither pole represents the Bible.  We should admit that everyone thinks they’re taking a biblical position.

For myself, I listen, I hope, through a biblical grid.  I want to believe one position or the other is the truth, but I also desire biblical persuading.  When I give ear to Calvinism, I’ve got problems, even when I’m trying hard to believe it.  When I hear the points of Calvinism, an alternative arises in my mind from biblical exegesis.  I’m calling the first point. . . .

1.  EACH PERSON’S SPIRITUAL BANKRUPTCY

Another alternative arises in my mind with the second point,

UNCONDITIONAL ELECTION

I’m calling this second point. . . . .

2.  GOD’S ELECTION ACCORDING TO HIS FOREKNOWLEDGE

Chosen through Belief in the Truth

Unconditional election doesn’t conform to the Bible.  A great verse that expresses the condition is 2 Thessalonians 2:13:

But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth.

Paul writes that God from the beginning has chosen to salvation through belief of the truth.  Belief of the truth is the condition.  God chooses or elects from the beginning and “before the foundation of the world” (Eph 1:4).  Ephesians 1:4 also says “elect in him.”  That’s another condition.  God doesn’t choose those out of him, but in him.  2 Timothy 1:9 says;

Who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began.

Before the world began, according to His grace God called those in Christ Jesus.  1 Peter 1:2 says:

Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied.

Election According to Foreknowledge

God elects according to His foreknowledge.  “Foreknowledge” comes from a Greek word, it won’t amaze you, that means, “to know ahead of time.”  God knows everything.  Nothing occurs to Him.

Among other reasons, God elects before the foundation of the world and from the beginning because (1) He is not bound by time.  He exists in what some call “an eternal present,” which is seen in His name, “the I AM.”  God just is, and then (2) He is omniscient.  He knows everything in eternity past, present, and eternity future.

Who Does God Elect?

Since election is according to God knowing ahead of time who He saves and who He doesn’t, then He can elect before the foundation of the world.  This, however, is where the rub comes for Calvinists.  God elects whom He foreknows.  Who does God elect?  Who are the elect?

On this, you should consider Romans 8:29-30:

29 For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren.  30 Moreover whom he did predestinate, them he also called: and whom he called, them he also justified: and whom he justified, them he also glorified.

Perhaps you already know this passage.  As you work your way through these two verses, you can see that God foreknows whom he justified.  Whom does God justify?  Those who believe in Jesus Christ.  This agrees with 2 Thessalonians 2:13, chosen through belief in the truth.  Romans 5:1 says that God justifies by faith.  What does God foreknow?  He knows who believes in Him before the foundation of the world and those He elects.

What difference does that election make?  It secures that person.  God knows who will be with Him in heaven forever.  That gives security for the believer, the justified person.

The Decider?

What would the Calvinist have as a problem with what I’m writing here?  I’ve heard it and read it.  Calvinists will say that God is the Decider.  They might take that from some place like John 1:12-13:

12 But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: 13 Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.

This is a place that says faith precedes regeneration.  God gave power to become the sons of God to those who receive and believe on Jesus Christ.  Calvinists will say that man deciding is “the will of the flesh or the will of man.”  They also say that God isn’t sovereign if man is decider and not God.

Nowhere does scripture make an issue over who is the decider.  The way scripture reads, man does decide.  The Calvinist very often would equate that to salvation by works.  They make the decision a work.  Faith is not a work and faith is the deciding factor.

Even with a man deciding by faith in Jesus Christ, God still also decides in advance, because He elects before the foundation of the world.  God has also worked much in the life of the person who receives and believes on Jesus Christ through many different scriptural means without which God wouldn’t save him.

Men Made Up Unconditional Election

Men made up unconditional election.  It isn’t in the Bible anywhere.  I understand that Calvinists will say that God predetermines who He will save.  I like to call this, picking people out of the pot of humanity.  Scripture doesn’t present salvation like that.  God elects those in Christ.  He chooses people with a standing in grace.  They believe first, but they can’t believe, like I explained in the first post, without the Word of God.  A man gets revelation from God and He believes.  God foreknows his faith and everything else about him.

If deciding is believing, then deciding isn’t a problem.  And deciding is believing.  It could only be “believing” because scripture doesn’t use “decider” in its language.  Someone can’t believe without God working in him.  God is still sovereign and He still gets all the credit.

More to Come

 

A New Alternative List to the Points of Calvinism

When I listen to a presentation of the points of Calvinism, very often my mind goes to alternative scriptural points to replace them.  I think of what the Bible says about the point and I can’t agree with it.  Usually I go into a hearing of Calvinist teaching with a desire to agree and believe.  Actual scripture gets in the way of my agreeing and believing with the points of Calvinism.

Scripture Challenges Calvinism

Not Biblical

Sure, the points of Calvinism persuade Calvinists.  They claim it’s scripture that does it.  I don’t see it in scripture, even with my trying to become as persuaded.  Calvinism doesn’t do it for me.

What I want to do with this piece is to say aloud what I’m thinking when I hear Calvinism presented.  I can’t write everything on it.  Hopefully what I’ll do is write down the kind of content I’m thinking when someone espouses Calvinism.  My opinion is that Calvinists have their Calvinistic position to defend, much like someone from some religion tries to protect his religion when confronted with scripture.  I await presentations that just expose scripture, not read into it.

When I say, the points of Calvinism, I mean what people call, the five points of Calvinism, also known by the acronym, TULIP.  All five points of Calvinism interconnect, depend on each other and feed off of each other.  I understand when someone says he is one, two, three, or four point, if not five point.  To take less than five, someone disconnects one or more from the group.  Because of this interconnection, I reject all five points.

Calvinism Unnecessary

I get how someone could question my rejecting every point, since two of them especially make some sense scripturally if taken out of the context of all five points as a group.  I mean “total depravity” and “perseverance of the saints.”  I could explain those two as the truth, but I don’t believe that Calvinists would agree with that explanation.  I’d rather just reject all five points and start over from scratch.

God won’t judge me for not agreeing with a point of Calvin.  It’s more important that any one of us believe what God said in His Word about the doctrine of salvation.

Calvinists sometimes attack those who disagree with their position, representing them as not believing certain biblical doctrines.  They can easily turn their foes into people who don’t believe in God’s sovereignty or who do believe in some form of salvation by works.  I deny these charges. Calvinists often allow these points to define them.  The points become consuming and weave into many other of their other doctrines.  They often treat those who reject Calvinism as irretrievably messed up in their beliefs.

What should someone make of the points of Calvinism?

TOTAL DEPRAVITY

The Calvinists at Ligonier Ministries say this:

When it comes to total depravity, the inability of which we speak is first and foremost moral inability. In our fallenness, though we have a will and can discern the good, we lack the ability to choose rightly, to exercise our wills in the proper direction of absolute dependence on God and submission to His will.

Total Inability

Total depravity sounds scriptural.  The two terms seem right, so what’s wrong?  By total depravity though, Calvinists mean, as you can read above, “total inability.”

“Total inability” doesn’t bother me either.  It comes down to what Calvinists say about total depravity and then total inability.

Personally I won’t use the words “total inability” because I know Calvinists use them.  They are not words from scripture.  However, I read lines in the Bible that say the equivalent of total inability.  I even like the two words as a description of a lost man’s condition.  When Calvinists use those words, they are taking them much further than scripture.

The argument for Calvinists says that men are unable to respond to God for salvation.  Men are dead and since they’re dead, they don’t have the capacity at all to receive Jesus Christ.  Everything so far I agree with, so what’s the problem?  Where Calvinists get into trouble here is their solution to man’s deadness and his inability to respond.

Regeneration Precedes Faith

Many Calvinists teach that God must intervene in the way of regenerating a man so that he then can respond.  People have called this, “regeneration precedes faith.”  This is not how scripture reads about the doctrine of regeneration.  The Bible is clear and plain in many places that the opposite is true.  Faith precedes regeneration.

It’s true that men cannot respond.  They are dead and they cannot seek after God.  Naturally they do not.  Something Calvinists get right here is that God must do something to allow or cause someone to believe in Him.  Men don’t just on their own stir up their desire to believe in Jesus Christ.  God does make the first movement toward man and that’s what scripture teaches.  Without God’s working, no one could believe in Jesus Christ.

The other points of Calvinism also describe what Calvinists think of total depravity.  A man is so unable to respond to God that God must intervene in the way of what Calvinists call “irresistible grace.”  God apparently works in an irresistible way for a man to receive Jesus Christ.  These two ideas go together in Calvinism, total depravity and irresistible grace.  If God’s grace is irresistible, then also God must unconditionally choose whom He will save and whom He won’t.

God Uses Revelation

The way scripture reads is that even though man is unable to respond to salvation and can’t believe on His own, God does work in his life .God does initiate salvation.  Man cannot believe in Jesus Christ without God’s initiation and without His enabling.  What God uses is His revelation.  He uses man’s conscience, His own providence in history, and the Word of God that is written in man’s heart.

If a person will respond to the general revelation of God, we see in scripture that God ensures he will also get His special revelation, which is God’s Word.  Every man is without excuse regarding salvation, because God and His grace appear to all men.  Through God’s working through His Word in men’s hearts, they can then respond and receive Jesus Christ.  Most do not believe, but the ability from God is available to every man through God’s revelation in order to believe.

An illustration of the power of God that enables a dead man to receive Jesus Christ is Jesus’ raising of Lazarus from the dead.  The Word of God is powerful, so the words, Come forth, allowed Lazarus to rise.  It allowed for Lazarus to come.  This also fits with what Paul wrote in Romans 10:17 that faith comes by hearing the Word of God.  Not everyone who hears the Word of God will believe.  Yet, a man can believe because of the Word of God.

Salvation Is Of the LORD

You can embrace man’s inability and deadness.  It’s true.  This does not require a solution of irresistible grace and unconditional election.  Jonah was right when he said, “Salvation is of the LORD” (Jonah 2:9).  Salvation centers on God.  This Calvinistic view of inability does not square with scripture.  It is unnecessary for giving God the credit for salvation.  I would contend that what scripture actually says is what gives God glory, not an exaggeration or manipulation of what God said.

Evangelists need to preach the Word of God as their spiritual weapon to pull down strongholds (2 Cor 10:3-5).  They partly do that because of the inability and deadness of their audience.  True preachers proclaim what God said.  That’s all that will work for the salvation of men’s souls.  It’s like what Paul wrote to Timothy in 2 Timothy 3:15:

And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.

The Holy Scriptures are able to make thee wise unto salvation, not some mystical regeneration that precedes faith.

Spiritual Emptiness and Bankruptcy

The deadness that Ephesians 2:1 and 5 address might parallel to physical deadness.  Someone dead can’t hear.  I’ve noticed that when I’ve attended funerals.  Men should not turn spiritual death into something so dead that not even the Word of God is powerful enough to allow the dead man to respond unto salvation.  Scripture is the way, not an invented mystical and extra-scriptural experience.

God is sovereign.  He does it His way.  His way is not a novel innovation, which is what this regeneration-precedes-faith is.

Let’s just call it “spiritual deadness,” “spiritual blindness,” or even “spiritually empty or bankrupt” in fitting with Matthew 5:3.  I’m fine with “total depravity,” but knowing what Calvinists mean by that, I won’t use those words.  This is part of starting from scratch.  Everyone sins and falls short of the glory of God.  God’s revelation also reaches to those lost souls enabling everyone also to believe, not just those predetermined to do so.

More to Come

New List of Reasons for Maximum Certainty for the New Testament Text (Part 6)

ANSWERING AGAIN THE “WHAT TR?” QUESTION

Part One     Part Two     Part Three     Part Four     Part Five

1.  God Inspired Specific, Exact Words, and All of Them.
2.  After God Inspired, Inscripturated, or Gave His Words, All of Them, to His People through His Institutions, He Kept Preserving Each of Them and All of Them According to His Promises of Preservation.
3.  God Promised Preservation of the Words in the Language They Were Written, or In Other Words, He Preserved Exactly What He Gave.
4.  God’s Promise of Keeping and Preserving His Words Means the Availability of His Words to Every Generation of Believers.
5.  God the Holy Spirit, the Third Person of the Trinity, Used the Church to Accredit or Confirm What Is Scripture and What Is Not.
6.  God Declares a Settled Text of Scripture in His Word.

THE APPLICATION OF THE PRESUPPOSITIONS, PRINCIPLES, AND PROMISES OF AND FROM SCRIPTURE (Part Two)

In five parts of this series, I first declared the scriptural presuppositions, principles, and promises that buttress the historical and biblical position.  Then I stated the positive conclusion of the provided model, paradigm, or template that followed the six truthful premises.  The underlying original language text of the King James Version is, as Hills asserted, its own “independent variety of the Textus Receptus.”  It is essentially Beza 1598, but not identical to that printed edition.  This conclusion fulfills the model, the biblical premises.

The Other Side Does Not Follow Scriptural Presuppositions

The other side, the critical text and multiple modern version position, does not follow scriptural presuppositions.  It proceeds from naturalistic and relativistic ones.  This is especially seen in the hundreds of lines of Greek text for its New Testament with no manuscript evidence.  Critics pieced together lines of text that never existed in any copy anywhere and anytime.  On the other hand, they commonly still make the claim that the underlying text behind the King James comes from just a “handful of manuscripts available at the time.”

A very common attack, which I anticipate again on this series, will skip all the presuppositions, principles, and promises and go directly to and then quote the concluding statement out of context.  It would sound something like this:  “Kent Brandenburg says, The perfect preserved text of scripture is ‘the underlying original language text of the King James Version.'”  I took that from the above first paragraph of this post.

The opposition then treats that statement like it stood alone with no explanation.  The enemies of the scriptural and historical position will provide strawman arguments.  They won’t be the actual ones in these posts, and if they provide any of them, they’ll misrepresent them.  You can count on this.  I take this bow shot or preemptive strike as a warning.

Scripture reveals presuppositions, principles, and promises about God’s preservation of scripture.  I could faithlessly ignore those.  Instead, I could focus on the existence of textual variants and the relatively few variations between the printed editions of the textus receptus.  Also, I could obsess over a couple individual words that critics say have little manuscript evidence.  Those challenge the presuppositions, principles, and promises.  I consider those minor challenges outweighed again by the presuppositions, principles, and promises.

Faith and the Model of Canonicity

Two verses that mean a lot to me related to the perfect preservation of the Greek New Testament is Romans 4:20-21:

20 He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; 21 And being fully persuaded that, what he had promised, he was able also to perform.

The same type of challenge occurs with the belief in twenty-seven books.  No verse says, “Twenty-seven books are in the New Testament,” just like no verse says that Noah’s ark is still on Mount Ararat.  Do I have faith that Noah’s ark is up there?  I believe it landed there and stayed.

Why the twenty-seven that we call the New Testament?  Some disagree.  Other opinions exist.  The presuppositions, principles, and promises are the same for twenty-seven New Testament books.  These were the ones the churches accepted, a testimony of the Holy Spirit through believers.

The Unacceptable Alternative

The alternative to this position I espouse here is unacceptable. It rejects these presuppositions, principles, and promises.  Also, it leaves the church without verbal, plenary perfection of scripture.  The position I take, as I see it and very strongly, is the best and really only position for a perfect scripture, what believers should expect.   Because of that, I take it.

Through the years, I have considered the arguments for the other side.  What I’ve seen is a regularly changing, morphing attack.  It’s as though they just throw anything and everything, the proverbial kitchen sink.  Their conclusion is the same:  uncertainty, doubt, the denial of scriptural and historical teaching, loss of authority, an ever changing and mutating scriptural text, and the ultimate apostasy that goes along with what they consider reality.

Certainty Versus “Confidence”

You can hear professing evangelicals attempt to fortify against the problem they create.  They can’t say “certainty,” and even mock “certainty.”  I hope you have a hard time even imagining this.  It does happen and is happening, but they ratchet down expectations with words like “confidence.”  It’s not even scriptural confidence, just confidence falsely so-called.  They create uncertainty and can’t be certain, so they adjust people’s mindset to a form of probability at a higher level of probability that they falsely label “confidence.”  It should be sued for false advertising.

From where does this confidence come for professing evangelicals who embrace confidence rather than certainty?  It comes from naturalism.  Yes, naturalism. They think they can give a high level of proof from naturalism and rationalism.  It’s like trying to convince people that the vaccination is safe.  Yes, they rushed it out, but look, they’re even vaccinating the president.  Evangelicals mock certainty in a nasty manner and then they focus on confidence.

Compare again confidence to a vaccination drive.  Can you get confidence from something at 95 percent?  We know God wants jot and tittle obedience.  Jesus said that in Matthew 5:17-20.  These evangelicals don’t offer jot and tittle certainty as the grounds for jot and tittle obedience.  This is also why they accompany their confidence with scaled down obedience.  Since their adherents can’t be sure of scripture, they emphasize non-essentials.  No one should separate over eschatology, ecclesiology, and a mounting stack of teachings.  Why?  No one can or should ensure certainty.  That’s not who we should roll with God’s Word.

What God Desires

The alternative to the truth also evinces the truth itself.  The truth stands.  Scripture teaches perfect preservation, availability, a settled text, and all the other of the six principles I listed in this series.  These form the basis for a sure, certain text of scripture that results in the kind of obedience God proposes and desires.

Is what God desires extremism and dangerous?  The side of uncertainty and doubt uses this kind of tactic, name-calling, labeling faith in scriptural teaching as extremist and dangerous.  Don’t worry.  That’s what they said about Jesus and the Apostles too.

I call on everyone reading to reject a critical, naturalistic text of scripture and the substandard probability, called “confidence,” that it engenders.  Those pushing that view are part of the downward trajectory, the steady decline, seen everywhere today.  They are part of what’s not getting better.

New List of Reasons for Maximum Certainty for the New Testament Text (Part 5)

ANSWERING AGAIN THE “WHAT TR?” QUESTION

Part One     Part Two     Part Three     Part Four

1.  God Inspired Specific, Exact Words, and All of Them.
2.  After God Inspired, Inscripturated, or Gave His Words, All of Them, to His People through His Institutions, He Kept Preserving Each of Them and All of Them According to His Promises of Preservation.
3.  God Promised Preservation of the Words in the Language They Were Written, or In Other Words, He Preserved Exactly What He Gave.
4.  God’s Promise of Keeping and Preserving His Words Means the Availability of His Words to Every Generation of Believers.
5.  God the Holy Spirit, the Third Person of the Trinity, Used the Church to Accredit or Confirm What Is Scripture and What Is Not.
6.  God Declares a Settled Text of Scripture in His Word.

THE APPLICATION OF THE PRESUPPOSITIONS, PRINCIPLES, AND PROMISES OF AND FROM SCRIPTURE

God’s Word is truth.  It provides the expectations for Christians, not feelings or experience.  People can count on what God says.  True believers go to scripture to get their views for things.

The Lord in His Word gives the expectations regarding the future of scripture.  What would God do?  If God says He will do it, then He will do it, and believers will believe that He did.

The presuppositions, principles, and promises of and from scripture provide a model, paradigm, or template for knowing what God’s Words are.  The true view will follow a biblical model.

Epistemology

What I’m writing in this series considers how people know or can know what they know, what’s called “epistemology.”  The critical text and its modern versions are different than the received or traditional text and the King James Version.  They can’t both be right.  Of the two, how do we know which one is right?

Knowledge starts with God’s Word.  Faith in what God says is the primary way of knowing what people ought to know.  Someone can open to Genesis 1:1 and know what it says occurred based on God saying it.

Only one text and version position fits the principles, presuppositions, and promises of scripture.  The above six true principles lead one to the received text or textus receptus.  Only the received text, the underlying text of the King James Version, corresponds to what God said would occur.

Which Textus Receptus?

Opponents or critics of the received text position, critical text proponents, very often ask, “Which Textus Receptus (TR)?”  I saw someone recently mock the TR by calling it the “Texti Recepti.”  The idea of this criticism is that there is more than one edition of the TR, so which one is it?

The textus receptus is a very homogenous text.  All the varied editions are very close and essentially the same.  However, the differences would contradict perfect, every word preservation and a settled text.  This criticism becomes a major presupposition for a critical text position.  It says, “No one knows what the text is, so everyone continues with textual criticism.”

Following the presuppositions, principles, and promises of scripture, one witnesses settlement on the text of scripture.  Even though each of the twenty-seven books of the New Testament were considered scripture immediately, its aggregation or collation into one book took one or two hundred years.  This occurred through the agreement of God’s people and the testimony of the Holy Spirit, termed “canonicity.”

History of the Received Text

Through church history, God’s people continued to ascertain and identify scripture in the keeping process.  Churches kept agreeing on the twenty-seven books of the New Testament.  They also received the words of the New Testament, the text of the New Testament.  Churches had already been receiving the same text of scripture in the manuscript or hand-written era.  A few years ago, I wrote the following.

Kurt Aland

The TR never meant one printed edition.  Even Kurt and Barbara Aland the famed textual critics, the “A” in “NA” (Nestles-Aland), wrote (“The Text of the Church?” in Trinity Journal, Fall, 1987, p.131):

[I]t is undisputed that from the 16th to the 18th century orthodoxy’s doctrine of verbal inspiration assumed this Textus Receptus. It was the only Greek text they knew, and they regarded it as the ‘original text.’

He also wrote in his The Text of the New Testament (p. 11):

We can appreciate better the struggle for freedom from the dominance of the Textus Receptus when we remember that in this period it was regarded even to the last detail the inspired and infallible word of God himself.

Barbara Aland

His wife Barbara writes in her book, The Text of the New Testament (pp. 6-7):

[T]he Textus Receptus remained the basic text and its authority was regarded as canonical. . . . Every theologian of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (and not just the exegetical scholars) worked from an edition of the Greek text of the New Testament which was regarded as the “revealed text.” This idea of verbal inspiration (i. e., of the literal and inerrant inspiration of the text) which the orthodoxy of both Protestant traditions maintained so vigorously, was applied to the Textus Receptus.

I say all that, because Aland accurately does not refer to an edition of the TR, neither does he speak of the TR like it is an edition.  It isn’t.  That is invented language used as a reverse engineering argument by critical text proponents, differing with the honest proposition of Aland, quoted above.  They very often focus on Desiderius Erasmus and his first printed edition of the Greek New Testament.  That’s not how believers viewed what the Van Kleecks call the Standard Sacred Text, others call the Ecclesiastical Text, and still others the Traditional Text.

Metzger

Neither does Bruce Metzger refer to an edition of the Textus Receptus; only to the Textus Receptus (The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, 4th ed. [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005], pp. 106-251):

Having secured . . . preeminence, what came to be called the Textus Receptus of the New Testament resisted for 400 years all scholarly effort to displace it. . . . [The] “Textus Receptus,” or commonly received, standard text . . . makes the boast that “[the reader has] the text now received by all, in which we give nothing changed or corrupted.” . . . [This] form of Greek text . . . succeeded in establishing itself as “the only true text” of the New Testament and was slavishly reprinted in hundreds of subsequent editions. It lies at the basis of the King James Version and of all the principal Protestant translations in the languages of Europe prior to 1881.

[T]he reverence accorded the Textus Receptus. . . [made] attempts to criticize or emend it . . . akin to sacrilege. . . . For almost two centuries . . . almost all of the editors of the New Testament during this period were content to reprint the time-honored . . . Textus Receptus. . . . In the early days of . . . determining textual groupings . . . the manuscript was collated against the Textus Receptus . . . . This procedure made sense to scholars, who understood the Textus Receptus as the original text of the New Testament, for then variations from it would be “agreements in error.”

The Textus Receptus does not refer to a single printed edition of the New Testament.  The language of a received text proceeds from true believers in a time before the printing press in hand copies and then leading to the period of its printing.

Edward Freer Hills

Churches up to the printing press ‘received’ the “received text,” hence, “the received text” of the New Testament.  This bore itself out in the printed edition era, as churches only printed editions of the received text.  However, they didn’t permanently continue printing editions of the TR.  They settled, as seen in the discontinuation of printing further editions after about a hundred years.  This was a shorter period of time than the settlement or agreement on the twenty-seven books of scripture.

What I’m writing here corresponds to the now well-known position expressed by Edward Freer Hills in his book, The King James Version Defended.  He wrote:

The King James Version ought to be regarded not merely as a translation of the Textus Receptus but also as an independent variety of the Textus Receptus. . . . But what do we do in these few places in which the several editions of the Textus Receptus disagree with one another? Which text do we follow? The answer to this question is easy. We are guided by the common faith. hence we favor that form of the Textus Receptus upon which more than any other, God, working providentially, has placed the stamp of His approval, namely the King James Version, or, more precisely, the Greek text underlying the King James Version.

King James Version Translated from Something

Some critical text adherents want to make Hills statement a “gotcha” or “aha” moment.  “Look, this is an English priority!”  I say, “No, the King James translators were translators, so they translated from something.” From which they translated is represented by the writing and teaching in all the centuries after the last printed edition of the textus receptus and the acceptance of the King James Version.

The King James Version translators translated from available words.  They relied on the printed editions of the textus receptus.  Their text was its own independent variety, like Hills said.  However, that text pre-existed the translation, even if it wasn’t in one printed edition.  Again, scripture doesn’t argue for the preservation of an edition.

Those translations forerunning the King James Version also relied on the textus receptus.  The necessity of a settled text, that particular presupposition, looks on which the vast majority of believers settled.  The concluding certainty comes from faith in what God said He would do.

Printed Editions of the TR

Almost one hundred percent of the words for the King James Version came from the printed editions of the textus receptus.  Maybe two or three words total in the King James Version don’t appear in any printed edition of the textus receptus but had textual attestation elsewhere.  A vast majority of true believers were not reading the Greek New Testament.  They accepted or received the textus receptus by receiving the translation from the textus receptus.  This helps explain the Hills statement of an “independent variety of the Textus Receptus.”  It’s not unique though in a fair understanding of the word.  It reflects what God’s people received as the text of the New Testament since its original writing.

In 1881, F. H. A. Scrivener took on the monumental project of printing the received text underlying the King James Version New Testament.  For many decades the Trinitarian Bible Society has printed this edition of the textus receptus.  The printing of this as its own edition suggests the independent variety of the Textus Receptus underlying the New Testament of the King James Version.

The Ecclesiastical Text

Some call the textus receptus, “the ecclesiastical text.”  I don’t mind that title.  It acknowledges the testimony of the Holy Spirit toward His words through the church.  God uses the church to attest to the words of God as a means of settling the text.  Naturalistic and rationalistic modern textual criticism does not settle the text.  It uses naturalistic means as a basis for speculating the original text of the New Testament.  It does not claim certainty or knowing what the text is.  Because of its means or instrumentality, it doesn’t and can’t claim to know the original text.  It also does not acknowledge the truth of the above principles, promises, and presuppositions.

I know I’m saved.  Scripture assures me of my salvation.  The Bible also assures me that I know what is the text of the New Testament.  I know the New Testament text like I know the twenty-seven books of the New Testament.

Acting in Faith

Faith acts.  It will bite down on what God said and what He said He would do.  You don’t believe if you sit back and taste without swallowing.  Faith isn’t a sample-fest.

On this subject, some are reticent to say what is the text of the New Testament.  They anticipate the attack coming, including mockery.  Those mocking do not bite down. They instead adjust based upon their naturalistic presuppositions.  They say something like “confidence” instead of “certainty.”  That doesn’t follow what scripture says about itself.  This should embarrass them.  I think it does many of them, which is why the angry reaction and the resultant mockery.

The trail of faith on this issue ends with the underlying text behind the King James Version.  The closest to that is all the words found in the printed edition.  That sort of settles, but it leaves wiggle room.  It’s a harder-to-defend position, based upon the plain scriptural presuppositions.

More to Come

New List of Reasons for Maximum Certainty for the New Testament Text (Part 4)

ANSWERING AGAIN THE “WHAT TR?” QUESTION

Part One     Part Two     Part Three

1.  God Inspired Specific, Exact Words, and All of Them.
2.  After God Inspired, Inscripturated, or Gave His Words, All of Them, to His People through His Institutions, He Kept Preserving Each of Them and All of Them According to His Promises of Preservation.
3.  God Promised Preservation of the Words in the Language They Were Written, or In Other Words, He Preserved Exactly What He Gave.
4.  God’s Promise of Keeping and Preserving His Words Means the Availability of His Words to Every Generation of Believers.
5.  God the Holy Spirit, the Third Person of the Trinity, Used the Church to Accredit or Confirm What Is Scripture and What Is Not.

Introduction to Point 6.

I hear many, what I would call, dishonest arguments.  Those occur all the time from proponents of the critical text or multiple modern versions.  Let me give you a couple, three, but with my focus on one in particular.  One of these is the usage of the KJV translators for support of the critical text and modern versions.  I agree the translators made room for improvements to their translation.  They didn’t see the translation as the end of improvement in translation.  They weren’t talking about improvements on the underlying text.  That’s either incompetent or dishonest as an argument.

How can I be the dummy version of KJVO if I agree with the translators on the issue of improvement?  I can’t be, yet this is what critical text or modern version people do all the time.  Their posing as non-confrontational and with a cheery Christian spirit is nothing more than a ruse.  They will treat you well if you budge to a significant degree toward their positions.  That’s all.  If you don’t, you get sent down the garbage disposal.

Pavlovian

There’s something Pavlovian to these modern version advocates.  Young fundamentalists so want their favor, that they salivate to their positive reinforcement.  This corresponds to turning on the light.  The favor acts as a lure to behavior adjustment.  Favored treatment is not an argument, yet is is the most convincing one in a feeling oriented world.

Can someone say the King James Version is inspired and support the 1769 update?  I ask Ruckmanites this question all the time.  Modern version advocates won’t acquiesce because they want to keep this second faux argument alive.  If I approve a 1769 update, why would I not approve another one?  Not doing an update is not the same as not approving of one.  I’ve said often recently that King James Version advocates won’t update the King James Version under the pressure of modern version adherents, who don’t even use the King James.  This really should be the end of this, but it won’t.

Latin Vulgate or Church Hierarchy Attack

The third bad argument from modern version proponents, the one on which I focus, has several layers.  They say the King James is the Latin Vulgate to KJVO like the Latin Vulgate was to Catholics.  This is to smear KJVO with Roman Catholicism.  One of the layers is that it puts Roman Catholic-like power to the textual choices, putting the church over scripture.  This is a category error.

Scripture, the authority, teaches that the Holy Spirit uses the church as the Urim and Thummim.  God directs God’s people to the books and the words of the scripture using the church.  The church is not taking preeminence over scripture by obeying scripture.

These false arguments remind me of the flailing of a losing boxer at the end of a match.  Or, a basketball coach clearing the bench at the end of the game and the substitutes treating the final three minutes like they’ve won the game.  No, they’re losing.  These are not landing a single blow.  They are what experts call “garbage time.”  It’s just stat padding and not contributing toward winning at all.

6.  God Declares a Settled Text of Scripture in His Word.

Settled Word

Scripture is not amoebic.  Its boundaries don’t shapeshift like the Stingray nebula.  The Bible doesn’t ooze and alter like the Hagfish.  God declares in His Word a settled text of scripture.  The Bible is a rock, not shifting sand.

God describes His Word as forever settled (Psalm 119:8-9).  Deuteronomy 4:2 says:

Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.

Proverbs 30:6 instructs:  “Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar.”  At its very end, the Bible says in Revelation 22:18-19:

18 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book: 19 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.

One cannot take away or add a word to a text that isn’t settled.  No possibility of guilt could come to a person for adding or taking away from something unsettled.  These warnings assume the establishment of the words.  All the principles, presuppositions, and promises  from scripture relate to the settlement of the text of the New Testament.

Considering the Nature of God

What God says in scripture about scripture should make sense, considering the nature of God.  In Malachi 3:6, God says:  “For I am the LORD, I change not.”  The immutability of God, one of His attributes, provides a basis for trusting Him.  God communicates the trustworthy nature of His Words with relations to His preservation of them in Isaiah 59:21:

As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD; My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth,, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed’s seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever.

Isaiah 40:8 says something similar:  “The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.”

Received Text Mindset

Modern version and critical text advocates know that printed editions of the received text of the New Testament in the 16th and 17th centuries have few and minor variations.  When I say “few and minor,” I’m not making a point that those variants do not matter.  They do.  The attitude at the time sounded like what Richard Capel wrote:

[W]e have the Copies in both languages [Hebrew and Greek], which Copies vary not from Primitive writings in any matter which may stumble any. This concernes onely the learned, and they know that by consent of all parties, the most learned on all sides among Christians do shake hands in this, that God by his providence hath preserved them uncorrupt. . . .

As God committed the Hebrew text of the Old Testament to the Jewes, and did and doth move their hearts to keep it untainted to this day: So I dare lay it on the same God, that he in his providence is so with the Church of the Gentiles, that they have and do preserve the Greek Text uncorrupt, and clear: As for some scrapes by Transcribers, that comes to no more, than to censure a book to be corrupt, because of some scrapes in the printing, and tis certain, that what mistake is in one print, is corrected in another.

The variation did not yield an unsettled nature.  No, “what mistake is in one print, is corrected in another.”  They knew errors could come into a hand copy or even a printed edition.  However, that did not preclude the doctrine of preservation and a settled text.  God would have us live by every Word that proceeds from the mouth of God.

More to Come

New List of Reasons for Maximum Certainty for the New Testament Text (Part 3)

ANSWERING AGAIN THE “WHAT TR?” QUESTION

Part One     Part Two

1.  God Inspired Specific, Exact Words, and All of Them.
2.  After God Inspired, Inscripturated, or Gave His Words, All of Them, to His People through His Institutions, He Kept Preserving Each of Them and All of Them According to His Promises of Preservation.
3.  God Promised Preservation of the Words in the Language They Were Written, or In Other Words, He Preserved Exactly What He Gave.
4.  God’s Promise of Keeping and Preserving His Words Means the Availability of His Words to Every Generation of Believers.

Introduction for Point 5, the Next Point

Long ago, I completed the answering of every question from opponents on the issue of preservation, versions, etc.  Nothing new has arisen for many years.   What keeps me writing is the accusation that our side does not answer questions.  I have written long, very complete answers.  The norm of the opposition focuses on one little piece of an answer and takes it out of context.  This happens in a lot of debate situations, so I understand it.

This series of posts again tries to help someone understand, who still doesn’t.  The writing through the years has helped some.  They’ve testified of that.  For most though, they don’t care.  It seems like a waste of time to keep talking to them.

My Approach for this Series

My approach for this series of posts is presenting scriptural principles, presuppositions, or promises as premises to a conclusion.  I could further show how that these points represent historical biblical doctrine, interpretation, or application, but I won’t for this series.  I’ve done that many times.  I want to keep it simple here.

What I’m writing for this series, I’ve never seen from the critical text and modern version side.  I still have not read a work that attempts to lay out a doctrine or biblical defense of naturalistic textual criticism to prove it is the historical Christian position.  None do that because it’s absent from scripture.  I’m not a reconstructionist like him, but I agree with this statement by R. J. Rushdoony:

Consider what happens when the Received Text is set aside and scholars give us their reconstruction of the text. The truth of revelation has thereby passed from the hand of God into the hands of men. Scholars then establish the true reading in terms of their presuppositions…The denial of the Received Text enables the scholar to play god over God. The determination of the correct word is now a scholar’s province and task. The Holy Spirit is no longer the giver and preserver of the biblical text: it is the scholar, the textual scholar.

The critical text and modern version side just takes shots at our positions.  They have written several books like this, among the notable by D. A. Carson, James White, faculty from notable Bob Jones University grads, and then the Central Baptist Theological Seminary faculty.  They don’t show biblical presuppositions or a presence in historical theology, because they don’t exist.

Without further adieu, I continue.

5.  God the Holy Spirit, the Third Person of the Trinity, Used the Church to Accredit or Confirm What Is Scripture and What Is Not.

In 2017, I wrote the following:

Evangelicals and fundamentalists argue for the internal testimony of the Holy Spirit.  This is important to them.  With the qualities of canonical books present, how would the church recognize them?  Because men are depraved, they couldn’t assess the divine qualities of canonical books except by the internal testimony of the Holy Spirit.  This is not as private revelation, but to help people overcome the effects of sin so that they might distinguish actual scripture. Even evangelicals believe that the consensus of the church is a key indicator of which books are canonical.

Scripture has divine qualities characteristic of its author, the Holy Spirit.  The Holy Spirit indwells believers.  Believers respond to what the Holy Spirit wrote, because He knows what He wrote.  That’s how the argument goes.  The Holy Spirit was not only at work in the origination of the Bible, but He also is at work within the people who receive the Bible.  Donald Bloesch writes (p. 150, Holy Scriptures):
Scripture is a product of the inspiring work of the Spirit, who guided the writers to give a reliable testimony to God’s self-revelation in Jesus Christ. Its canonizing is to be attributed to the illumining work of the Spirit, who led . . . . the church to assent to what the Spirit had already authorized.
Spiritually Discerned
The Apostle Paul says that the things of the Spirit of God are spiritually discerned (1 Corinthians 2:14). God gives something to believers through the indwelling Holy Spirit to discern spiritual things. This is not mysticism.  It fits with what Jesus told His disciples in John 16:13:
Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come.
Unity of the Spirit

Saints of the first century knew the books the Holy Spirit inspired and the ones He didn’t. They copied the ones He inspired. They received those as the Word of God. The saints agreed on what the books and the words were. They copied and distributed them.

The agreement of the saints or of true churches resulted in a multitude of almost identical copies. As history passed the printing press era, they agreed or settled on the text of the Bible. One could and should call the agreement, “the unity of the Spirit” (Ephesians 4:3). What is that?

Every true believer possesses the Holy Spirit in him. He guides, leads, reproves, teaches, etc. The Holy Spirit will not on the inside of a believer lead, guide, or teach in a different way. He won’t contradict Himself. He is One.

The same Holy Spirit, Who inspired the Words of God, knows those Words still. He does not need to reinspire Words. Instead, He can direct His people to the correct one, when a copyist errs. The churches for hundreds of years did not agree on the critical text. That text did not make its way to God’s people. They received the, well, received text. They thought that the work of the Holy Spirit.

What I just wrote above is not mysticism. It is what we read in scripture. It is how we see the Holy Spirit work. Providence and the inward testimony of the Holy Spirit fulfilled God’s promise of preservation.

Historical Agreement

Related to the above, The Westminster Confession of Faith of 1646 reads:

 V. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the Church to an high and reverent esteem of the holy Scripture; and the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man’s salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God; yet, notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.

The Gallican Confession (1559) reads:

We know these books to be canonical, and the sure rule of our faith, not so much by the common accord and consent of the Church, as by the testimony and inward illumination of the Holy Spirit, which enables us to distinguish them from other ecclesiastical books.

Thiessen wrote in his Introduction to the New Testament:

The Holy Spirit, given to the Church, quickened holy instincts, aided discernment between the genuine and the spurious, and thus led to gradual, harmonious, and in the end unanimous conclusions. There was in the Church what a modern divine has happily termed an ‘inspiration of selection’.

All the above statements fall within the teaching of many different scriptures on the Holy Spirit and the Words of God.  The Holy Spirit leads through the agreement of His people.  This is a reason Paul tells Timothy that the church is the pillar and ground of the truth (1 Timothy 3:15).

How Does The Testimony of the Holy Spirit Work?

When believers recognize the work of the Holy Spirit, they attest to scriptural presuppositions, principles, and promises.  Those will not contradict the Holy Spirit.  This is the meaning of testing whether something is of the Holy Spirit.  Naturalistic explanations don’t pass the test.

A true church is the temple of the Holy Spirit.  The unity of Spirit is seen in the agreement of a true church.  Churches received the received text (the textus receptus).  At the end of an era, they agreed to stop publishing editions of the textus receptus.  Was that the Holy Spirit testifying through the churches that believed and practiced the Bible?  This fits the scriptural teaching and the model.

This principle, presupposition, or promise of the inward testimony of the Holy Spirit is not the only one of these.  It is crucial though.

More to Come

New List of Reasons for Maximum Certainty for the New Testament Text (Part 2)

ANSWERING AGAIN THE “WHAT TR?” QUESTION

Part One

1.  God Inspired Specific, Exact Words, and All of Them.
2.  After God Inspired, Inscripturated, or Gave His Words, All of Them, to His People through His Institutions, He Kept Preserving Each of Them and All of Them According to His Promises of Preservation.
3.  God Promised Preservation of the Words in the Language They Were Written, or In Other Words, He Preserved Exactly What He Gave.

Ahhh certainty, what some people call “epistemic hubris,” but I digress.  One thing that modern version and critical text supporters are certain about?  You can’t be certain about the text of the New Testament.  They’re certain of that.  And how do they know with such certainty so as to call people dangerous and extremist, who are certain?  They know the same way that any one of you are certain that Covid arose from an animal in a wet market in Wuhan, China.  You can’t be certain about the text of scripture even though scripture teaches certainty on the text of scripture.  No, only a degree of confidence somewhere less than the efficiency of Tide detergent.

So I can get behind a keyboard and be a tough guy.  That’s easy.  But what about putting a blog where my mouth is.  Let us continue.

Meaning of Kept

In His high priestly prayer in John 17, Jesus says in verse 6, “They have kept thy word.”  “Kept” is the Greek word tareo, which BDAG says means:

1.  to retain in custody, keep watch over, guard . . . .  2. to cause a state, condition, or activity to continue, keep, hold, reserve, preserve someone or something.

Jesus uses the word tareo a few verses later in verse 12, saying:

While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled.

The word kept that Jesus uses in verse 6, He defines in verse 12.  Twice he says He “kept them.”  And then He says, “None of them is lost.”  If someone keeps something or someone, then nothing or no one was lost.  If something or someone is lost, it or he was not kept.  Let’s say Jesus originally saved 100,000 people, but in the end only 99,995 or so were saved.  He couldn’t say, “None of them is lost.”  Five of them were lost.  If you were one of the five, you would take a change in the definition of “kept” very seriously.

Consider this dialogue.

“I gave you those fifty marbles.  Did you keep them?”

“Yes.”

“So how many do you have?”

“I have 48 of them.”

“I thought you said you kept them.”

“I did.”

“No you didn’t; you lost two of them.  That’s not keeping the marbles.  That’s losing.”

That’s a basic tutorial on the concept of keep or preserve.

Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic Words

The Bible promises preservation of what God gave, inscripturated, or inspired.  What He gave were words almost exclusively in Hebrew and Greek, and a few in Aramaic.  What He gave He also kept or preserved.  God didn’t give, inscripturate, or inspire English words.  He gave Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic words and those were the ones He also kept or preserved.

What Jesus said in Matthew 5:18 corroborates this obvious idea of kept or preserved.  Jesus said:

For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.

Jesus was speaking of the Old Testament and a jot and a tittle were both Hebrew letters, not some other language.  Again, this was not a promise to preserve one particular manuscript or physical scroll.  In its context (Matthew 5:17-20) it did mean that scripture, its letters and words on pages, would remain available to read and heed.

4.  God’s Promise of Keeping and Preserving His Words Means the Availability of His Words to Every Generation of Believers.

Availability or General Accessibility

Keeping means availability.  Availability means general accessibility.  Scripture shows this again and again.  God kept the words for people to know and obey.  Keeping them for His people to whom He gave them means their availability for those people to use.

Saying “general accessibility” means that someone may not have his own copy of scripture at home.  The words were available in general for believers in general.  Words not generally accessible were not the words God kept for His people.  Because a single ancient manuscript was on earth somewhere does not mean it was available or generally accessible.  It wasn’t.  God’s people did not have it to read and heed.

Versus Buried Text View

A doctrine of availability accompanies a true doctrine of preservation.  I call the alternative a “buried text view.”  Critical text proponents are still searching for lost hand copies and ancient translations for the sake of restoring a lost text.  Every time a person or organization announces that he or it found a very old page of scripture, critical text scholars relish with great expectation to find new information for possible purposes of correction.

Those who believe in perfect preservation for every generation of believer do not expect to find a buried or lost text that will correct the present text of scripture.  They believe in preservation and availability.  That lost copy was not available.  It couldn’t be what God preserved or kept.

New Testament Language of the Received Text

The language, “received text,” elicits the truth of availability.  Something not available was not received by anyone.  “Received text” itself, as a description of the preserved New Testament text, comes from scripture.

Gospels

Matthew 13:19-20, 22-23, “When any one heareth the word of the kingdom, and understandeth it not, then cometh the wicked one, and catcheth away that which was sown in his heart. This is he which received seed by the way side. But he that received the seed into stony places, the same is he that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it.

He also that received seed among the thorns is he that heareth the word; and the care of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, choke the word, and he becometh unfruitful. But he that received seed into the good ground is he that heareth the word, and understandeth it; which also beareth fruit, and bringeth forth, some an hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty.”

Luke 8:13, “They on the rock are they, which, when they hear, receive the word with joy; and these have no root, which for a while believe, and in time of temptation fall away.”

John 17:8, “For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me; and they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me.”

Acts

Acts 2:41, “Then they that gladly received his word were baptized: and the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls.”

Acts 8:14, “Now when the apostles which were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent unto them Peter and John.”

Acts 11:1, “And the apostles and brethren that were in Judaea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God.”

Acts 17:11, “These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.”

Epistles

1 Thessalonians 1:6, “And ye became followers of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Ghost.”

1 Thessalonians 2:13, “For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe.”

James 1:21, “Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls.”

How could believers or churches receive God’s Word or Words if they were not available?  They couldn’t.  But this was not the case.  They could receive His Words because of the general accessibility of them for every generation of believer.

More to Come

New List of Reasons for Maximum Certainty for the New Testament Text

ANSWERING AGAIN THE “WHAT TR?” QUESTION

Sixty-Six Books

Many evangelicals claim maximum certainty on sixty-six books of the Bible.  “Are you certain there are sixty-six books of the BIble?”  “Yes.”  “What verse in the Bible says to expect sixty-six books?”  “None.”  “So what is your basis for sixty-six books of the Bible?”  Many of their reasons would match what I would give for certainty on the text of the Bible, certainty on what the exact words are.

The reasons for certainty on both the books and the words relate to biblical principles for canonicity.  Nothing in the Bible states how many books one should expect though.  And yet these evangelicals still declare maximum certainty about “sixty-six.”  Sixty-six came from God.  No verse saying that, but they still rely on scripture for their certainty.  They don’t have mere confidence for sixty-six books.  They have certainty.

Very often the same evangelicals’ direct inquiries to me about where the Bible says God would preserve the textus receptus, those particular Latin words.  In addition they ask for a verse with the exact words, “King James Version” in a scriptural promise somewhere. They consider these to be “arguments.”

The question arises, “How do we know, for instance, the epistle of James is in the Bible or Galatians or any other single book?”  What gives the certainty for inclusion of particular books?  How do we know when we’re reading Hebrews that it is in fact the Word of God, more than a mere ancient, naturalistic book?

The Preservation of Words

On the other hand, does God promise to preserve His Words perfectly in a single printed edition of the New Testament?  This gets to the crux of the “which TR” question.  Scripture teaches perfect preservation of scripture, but how do we know what the words are?  How do we know what the books are?  The answer is the same to those last two questions.  In fact, scripture talks about words and not about books.  It’s easier to prove the preservation of words from scripture than it is books.

The Bible doesn’t provide naturalistic rules for deciding on the words of the Bible, ones like shorter or more difficult reading and older manuscript.  Men made up those rules and with them, they added, “You can’t be certain.”  God’s Word though says you can and should be certain.  You expect certainty based upon scripture.  The Bible also provides criteria not in the nature of rules, but in presuppositions, promises, and principles.  Scripture provides a template, paradigm, or model for what to expect from God and His preservation of scripture.

I want to review the right presuppositions again.  Again.  I’ve done this a lot, but here we go again, because based on information from my critics, no one answers this. [Not liking the answer does not qualify as not answering.]

I’m going to give a list, because obviously lists are greater click bait.  And if I don’t have a list, I shouldn’t say “list” in my click bait title.

1.  God Inspired Specific, Exact Words, and All of Them.

Not Just the Gist

Someone named Eugene Peterson did a paraphrase of the Bible, called The Message.  That’s very often how people want to deal with scripture.  It’s a message and so the very words don’t matter so much, as long as you get “The Message.”  What’s God saying to you?  Here’s the gist of it, that’s all that matters.  And part of the gist, of course, comes from Eugene Peterson’s brain.

I say, get the gist of scripture.  It’s important.  But that’s not all that matters.  God gave words.  Every one of them matter.  You don’t get the gist without words and God said this in many different passages.  I’m not going to review those with you on this point, but it is true.

Some people miss the gist, and that’s too bad.  They need to and should get that too, but God first gave words.  Christians have believed that every word matters.  God gave specific, exact ones.  He delivered them to His institution.  They received them (think Textus Receptus here).

All of Them

I added, “and all of them,” because God’s Word, the Bible, or scripture is not 50 percent of the exact words or even 95 percent.  It is all of them.  I’m happy to have 10 percent of them, but He gave 100 percent.  I should expect 100 percent.  God even uses the word, “all.”  He gave each Word and then all of them.

God inspired only one Bible.  There are not two.  People don’t have options as to what the Bible is.  It isn’t a multiple choice.  The question, “Which Bible do you use?” does not reflect what the Bible says about itself.  This kind of idea, which is prevalent now in evangelicalism, is destructive and it comes from unbiblical presuppositions about the Bible.

2.  After God Inspired, Inscripturated, or Gave His Words, All of Them, to His People through His Institutions, He Kept Preserving Each of Them and All of Them According to His Promises of Preservation.

Expectations

One can and should expect this second point in the list because God said He would do it.  He promised it.  Evangelicals or modern version proponents very often say God didn’t say “how” he would do it.  But He also did say how he would preserve His Words.  Believers should have those scriptural expectations.  This is part of living by faith.

Preservation of scripture means God keeping each of the words and all of them that He gave.  Keeping them then means their being available to every generation of believers.

The preservation of scripture means what the Bible says that preservation of scripture means.  It does not mean keeping every word in one particular physical handwritten copy that makes its way unblemished down through the following decades, centuries, and millennia or the annals of history.  Every word and all of them would remain available for God’s people.  There isn’t a peep about variants and manuscript evidence.

Not Naturalistic

Before someone goes anywhere else in answering questions about manuscripts, printed editions, and translations, he must settle on the first two points of this list.  He should start with what the Bible says.  He should not begin with an observation of history, “external evidences,” and naturalistic occurrences to which to conform his belief.  The Bible explains its own inspiration and preservation in a very clear way.  It’s not hard to understand.  Everyone will get the text and version issue wrong if he does not get these first two points of this list right.

What I’ve witnessed for decades now exclusively with modern version and critical text adherents is the absence of a biblical presupposition about the preservation of scripture.  They don’t want to touch that.  If that is their basis for how they approach their outcome, they know it will contradict what they’re saying.  What I’ve seen instead is that they start with a criticism or refutation of what has already been published and propagated on the doctrine of preservation through church history.

Presuppositions

Instead of starting with a scriptural position themselves, modern textual criticism proponents begin with naturalistic presuppositions like modernists of the 19th century did.  Based on those, they saw we can’t believe perfect preservation, because it didn’t happen.  They know it didn’t happen because variants exist between manuscripts.  It’s far worse than that even.  Their position starts with tests normally applied to secular literature, which have no promise of preservation because they’re solely of human origin.

Some critical text and modern version proponents straight out deny preservation.  Others don’t have a theology of no preservation of scripture.  They’d be too embarrassed to say that.  Instead they leave their audience with ambiguity, leaving their listeners confused on the subject, playing a shell game.  God’s Word doesn’t teach that.  Anything they call their biblical position arises to criticize someone who starts with a biblical doctrine with the purpose of either denying it, confusing it, or muddling it.

The elimination of a biblical doctrine of preservation affects the authority of scripture.  Critical text and modern version proponents are eradicating the doctrine or preservation ironically to preserve their preference.  In so doing, they cause people to take the Bible less seriously.  When people are not sure whether those are the actual words of God, they are less likely to believe and then keep what they say.

More to Come

Normal Now Extreme and Dangerous

Part One

Extremism

In the first year of living back in Indiana, my wife and I tried fried chicken at two regional, renowned restaurants.  When I say that, get in your mind very homey places like Wagner’s Village Diner in the small town of Oldenburg.  It won the James Beard award in 2023 for its chicken.  Why do these restaurants do better than others?  They are extremists, compared to others.  Each goes to far reaches to prepare the best chicken.

In reading through the Bible again, today I read in 2 Chronicles, where my schedule has me.  In 2 Chronicles, Solomon builds the temple and at the dedication he offered God 22,000 oxen and 20,000 sheep.  I was thinking, “That’s extreme. . . . in a very good way.”

Where I left off in my Bible reading today in 2 Chronicles 15, it says in verses 15-16:

15 And all Judah rejoiced at the oath: for they had sworn with all their heart, and sought him with their whole desire; and he was found of them: and the LORD gave them rest round about. 16 And also concerning Maachah the mother of Asa the king, he removed her from being queen, because she had made an idol in a grove: and Asa cut down her idol, and stamped it, and burnt it at the brook Kidron.

Today most people would call that extreme.  Yet, it’s what God wanted — what should be normal behavior, but isn’t.

Extremism, a Pejorative

What is extremism anyways?  Like when someone such as Mark Ward calls a godly individual an extremist and dangerous?  Extreme compared to what?

In general, when someone calls someone extreme, he means it as a pejorative, a personal shot, probably implying some craziness to the person.  However, Christianity has so declined, what was once normal is now extreme.  Regular preaching of the gospel in our community, I’ve found, is extreme where I live in the Bible belt.  For sure, it was extreme in California.

I attended public elementary school.  My fifth grade teacher had a paddle hanging from his wall. He regularly swatted students for bad behavior.  Now no public schools do that.  Our Christian school was the last one to use corporeal punishment in California, a state of almost 40 million people.  It’s considered extreme.

A “Balanced Approach”

One of Mark Ward’s favorites, Mark Minnick, preaches that ladies must wear head coverings in church.  In 2015, he did an eight part series on it and is a favorite in “the head covering movement.”  Is that practice extreme?  Really, what Ward expects for non-extremism is something he wrote in support of fundamentalism in the MarchApril2017 of the FBFI magazine:

I am not willing to say that all Christians who listen to contemporary styles of Christian music are living in active, conscious rebellion against God.  I do not believe that every Christian whose church has a praise band, a drum set, and tattooed worship leaders that I must abandon to Satan a la 1 Corinthians 5.

1 Corinthians 5, I agree, isn’t the best passage to use for separation over false worship, that is, offering the thrice holy God fleshly and worldly music as worship.  He could use 2 Thessalonians 3, 1 Timothy 6:3-6, or 2 Timothy 2:20-22, because among other places that church violates Romans 12:1-2, 1 Peter 2:5, and 1 John 2:15-17 among other places.  I know though.  What I now believe and practice, men like Ward call an extreme form of separation.  Expect more rock bands in church with the association of Mark Ward and others.  It’s too extreme now to stand up against that like his alma mater once did.  Now they take, what their newest president calls, a “balanced approach.”

Anyone who isn’t “balanced” is now extreme.  Balanced means that you look at the “extremes” and find the sweet spot in the middle.  The Bible doesn’t teach that.  Interestingly, it’s only one extreme that gets most of the attention even from evangelicals such as Ward, who slides further from even a former fundamentalist mooring.

Jesus the Extremist and Danger to Religious Society

Jesus, while on earth, told people these things:

Matthew 5:19, “Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.”

Luke 14:26, “If any man come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple.”

Matthew 22:37, “Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.”

Mark 9:42, “And whosoever shall offend one of these little ones that believe in me, it is better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were cast into the sea.”

So much of the Bible is extreme compared to what people teach or say today.  Jesus was considered an extremist by the religious people of his day.

When someone is dangerous, I believe Mark Ward means that he’s leading someone astray from the truth into something harmful.  Nothing is more harmful for someone than eternal damnation.  Thomas Ross mentioned how that Ward works for Logos Bible Software as a “ministry.”  Logos publishesRoman Catholic, Seventh Day Adventist, theologically modernist, and other damnable heresy.”

Ross is exactly right.  Apparently Ward sees those groups as part of “the church” that Logos equips to grow (his words).  They get silence, while those propagating and protecting faith in the perfect preservation of scripture receive reproach.  This manifests the priority of keeping together ungodly coalitions instead of the truth.  To use KJV terminology, making money off a false gospel is “greedy of filthy lucre.”

The Divine Expectation

Jesus in His culture was an extremist and dangerous.  He was dangerous to the religious leaders.  He threatened their popularity with the people and brought potential wrath of the Roman Empire.  In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus provided the Divine expectation of every “jot and tittle” of His Word.  The Pharisees diminished the Divine standard so they could attempt to keep it on their own.  Jesus illustrated the paucity of the Pharisaical approach in Matthew 5 and 6.  It wasn’t just the keeping of God’s Word, but also the internal attitude and motive.  You could murder someone by hating him in the heart and treating him with contempt.

I’m sure Ward would agree with the above verses from Jesus:  their practice in real life though, extreme and dangerous.  This is not believing what Jesus and the Apostles said.  The author of Hebrews writes in 13:13:  “Let us go forth therefore unto him [the Lord Jesus] without the camp, bearing his reproach.”  I invite others to go forth unto Jesus without the camp and bear the reproach of “extremism” and “dangerous.”  Return to normal and stand against the decline of true, biblical Christianity.  While those reproaching double down on their reproach, remain steadfast in God’s will for the cause of Christ.

Assessing the New Appalling Slander of Thomas Ross

Mark Ward Says in a Recent Youtube Video Concerning Thomas Ross:  “I Regard Him as an Extremist of a Particularly Dangerous Kind, the Kind that Is Super Intelligent”

Thomas Ross debated James White last year with White arguing in the affirmative the proposition that a new translation, the Legacy Standard Bible (LSB), was superior to the King James Version (KJV).  Ross took the opposition.   Since White was in the affirmative, Ross refuted White’s arguments for that proposition.  The above quote from Ward comes from an introduction to the first of three videos he is producing to answer ones Thomas Ross made after the White debate.

Answering Thomas Ross gets far more traffic for Ward at his site.  I don’t want to make it easier for him, so I’m not linking to his series.  You can find it on your own, if you want to see it.  He also mentions me in the video.

An Extremist of a Particularly Dangerous Kind?

So why does Ward say Thomas is “an extremist of a particularly dangerous kind”?  He gives no reasons.  None.  The definition of ad hominem is this:  “(of an argument or reaction) directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.”  Like James White himself, Ward attacks Thomas Ross as a person and not his position.  He does not explain.  I’m saying this is appalling slander of Ross by Ward.

What does Ward mean, “extremist”?  The definition of “extremist” itself is derogatory.  Collins Dictionary defines extremist:

1. a person who favours or resorts to immoderate, uncompromising, or fanatical methods or behaviour, esp in being politically radical. adjective. 2. of, relating to, or characterized by immoderate or excessive actions, opinions, etc.

And then Ward says Ross is “of a particularly dangerous kind.”  So Thomas Ross is not just “dangerous,” but “particularly dangerous.”  Those words themselves are extreme.  Their very mention of another person, a truly saved person as Thomas Ross, requires explanation.  Ward gives none.  He just makes the claim.

What Ross Does

Thomas Ross is careful first to come from scripture.  He exposes or exegetes scripture very carefully for his positions.  Second, he backs his positions with historical doctrine.  He shows how that others in the past take the position, so his doctrine is not new or innovative.

In his debate with White, Ross dismantled White’s position with evidence, point by point.  White himself resorted to ad hominem style arguments by regularly pointing out how fast Ross talked and judged his motives.  He never answered Ross’s primary argument against the underlying text of the LSB and other modern versions of the Bible.  Ross showed plainly how that in hundreds of places, lines of underlying Greek text behind the LSB had zero manuscript evidence.  Instead of answering, which he couldn’t, White insulted Thomas Ross as a person, just like Ward is doing.  This shouldn’t help White or Ward.  It should warn off their listeners.

Ward Poisons the Well

Ward is free to go ahead and make statements like he did about Thomas Ross.  He can do that, but anyone reading should take note of what he is doing.  His statement should discredit him.  It is a classic, informal logical fallacy called, “poisoning the well,” which means the following:

Poisoning the well (or attempting to poison the well) is a type of informal fallacy where adverse information about a target is preemptively presented to an audience, with the intention of discrediting or ridiculing something that the target person is about to say. Poisoning the well can be a special case of argumentum ad hominem, and the term was first used with this sense by John Henry Newman in his work Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864).

Ward and his audience very often attack the persons of their opposition.  Ross offered a face-to-face discussion or debate with Ward and Ward refused.  He says it is because Ross is an extremist and dangerous, and then he proceeds to treat Ross as though his arguments were legitimate, needing addressing.  Do you see the obvious contradiction there?  Ward contradicts his own fallacious reasoning.

Any Reasons for Ad Hominem Attack by Ward?  None

The only possible reason one could ascertain for why Ward poisons the well and uses the ad hominem against Ross is because Thomas Ross is “super intelligent.”  Why would intelligence and even super intelligence be a negative for someone on a subject matter?  Ross doesn’t claim super intelligence for himself.  Ward made that claim for Ross and gave it as the only reason for Ross’s extremism and danger.

Mark Ward explained that when Ross offered him an in person debate, his counsellors told him that it was not worthy of Ward’s own personal gifts and the purposes of his work.  And yet Ward has plenty of time to produce three videos dealing with “super intelligent” Ross, where Ross cannot answer him in person.  What evaluation could someone make of such a dodge of Ross by Ward?

Think of Wards accusations if it were a court of law, where the accused “extremist” and “particularly dangerous” individual cannot answer his accuser.  Only the prosecution speaks.  Ward sits alone and makes slanderous declarations against Ross with no cross examination.  This is unjust treatment of unbiblical and sinful manner.

Injustice toward Ross

Psalm 89:14 says:

Justice and judgment are the habitation of thy throne: mercy and truth shall go before thy face.

Proverbs 21:3 says:

To do justice and judgment is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice.

It is not just to make a false, slanderous accusation against a godly Christian man like Thomas Ross, no explanation or reasons, and not give him a face to face opportunity to answer his accusation.  This is not due process.  It is not justice.  Mark Ward treats Thomas Ross in a manner of contempt like Jesus warned against in Matthew 5:21-26, akin to murdering someone in his heart.  A man claiming to be a Christian like Ward should not treat another man, whether Christian or not, with contempt.  Ward treats a believer like Ross with contempt.

Doubling Down on Appalling Slander of Ross

Someone in the comment section dealt with Ward’s appalling slander of Ross, when he wrote:

It seems interesting that you would make the claim that Ross is a “extremist of a particularly dangerous kind” because he is “super intelligent”. When the same could, and probably should, be said about you. Btw. This comment meets your comment requirements because it is no more of an ad hominem attack than you yourself made.

To that, Ward answered:  “I stand by what I said. Every word.”  He had a great opportunity to retract, and he didn’t.  Instead, he doubled down on his appalling slander of a Christian gentleman and scholar.

Ross wasn’t even dealing with Ward in the videos to which Ward refers.  He was elaborating on the arguments of the White debate.

Ross Not Extreme or Dangerous

What makes anyone an extremist and dangerous and then on this issue of the intelligibility of the KJV?  Ross takes the position that God preserved all of the words of God in their original language for every generation of believer.  Is that really an extreme and dangerous position now?  It is the biblical and historical position of the church.

Ross answers arguments against the intelligibility of the KJV made by White in the debate.  Truly saved people all over the United States still use the KJV in their churches.  It is still the most commonly used version of the Bible in conservative Bible believing churches in the United States.  It’s not extreme to do so.  And it is not extreme to defend the intelligibility of the KJV.  There are good arguments for its continuation, which is why so many people still do use the King James.

Jordan Peterson and Douglas Murray Recently on the KJV

I was listening to Jordan Peterson in an interview with British conservative journalist Douglas Murray.  Peterson asked Murray:

I have a friend who is extremely erudite and literate and charismatic and maybe Canada’s most remarkable journalist. . . . He has the knowledge a vast corpus of poetry and its evident in the manner in which he speaks, because he has that lilt and cadence and rhythm that’s part and parcel.  And you’re very very well spoken.

And Peterson asks Murray to what he attributes that quality of his.  Murray answers:

In my case it is the great good fortune of having been brought up with the King James Bible, . . . . which if you have [that] in your head and you recite [it] every Sunday, gives you a pretty good idea of how to cadence the English language.

Murray characterized this as ‘furnishing his mental furniture and having to furnish it well.’  Murray didn’t see the King James Bible as extreme and dangerous to his public usage of language and understanding how to speak to a modern culture.  No, it was a great help, the greatest help to his speaking ability, communicating to a contemporary people.

It is not good at all to slander your Christian opponents as a strategy to discredit them with ad hominem attacks.  This is what Ward and White do and very often from which I’ve seen and read.  I call on Ward to cease, desist, and retract such appalling slander about Thomas Ross and others.

AUTHORS OF THE BLOG

  • Kent Brandenburg
  • Thomas Ross

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