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The Tension in Scripture Between God’s Covenant with and Chastisement of Israel
Theological Tension
Theological tension refers to the concept in Christian theology where seemingly contradictory truths coexist and must be held in balance without reducing their complexity. Tension acknowledges that the Bible presents multifaceted truths that, although appearing to conflict, are, in fact, complementary. Sometimes men use other terms, such as antinomy or paradox, to communicate the same truth.
To uphold tension requires not oversimplifying doctrine. Another way of describing tension is by saying that the truth sits on a razor thin edge, where shifting to one side or another means doctrinal error. Choosing one side over another when tension exists between two truths risks falling into a false belief and/or creating unnecessary division. The inherent tension in the Bible encourages genuine believers to think deeply about their faith and engage less superficially with the text of God’s Word.
Biblical Framework of Premillennialism
As the example of tension, which is the subject of this post, is the biblical framework of premillennialism: God keeps covenant with Israel and at the same time chastises her. I like to say that God intended for us to keep more than one idea in our head at one time. The chastisement does not revoke the covenant, but it enhances it, very much also like the continued salvation by God of saints (Hebrews 12).
God made a promise, agreement, or covenant with Israel, which includes land, descendants, and blessings (Genesis 12:1-3, Genesis 15). The nature of the covenant by God is according to the biblical accounts both unilateral and irrevocable, meaning that God establishes it and it is not dependent upon Israel’s actions. The covenant with Israel depends on God keeping it, not Israel.
Reality of Human Agency
The unconditional covenant with Israel does not preclude chastisement or discipline by God upon her. God even uses these means to guarantee the fulfillment of the covenant. The Old Testament has numerous examples where God disciplines Israel for disobedience, which serves multiple purposes. It calls Israel back to faithfulness, demonstrates God’s holiness, and ultimately prepares her for restoration.
Human agency plays a significant role in the unfolding of God’s plan. While God’s covenant remains intact, Israel’s failure to uphold her part—faithfulness to God—leads to consequences. This does not negate the covenant but rather highlights the dynamic relationship between divine sovereignty and human responsibility.
Tension Between Chastisement and Covenant
Despite periods of chastisement, God’s ultimate plan involves restoration for Israel. Prophecies in books such as Ezekiel (Ezekiel 36-37) and Isaiah (Isaiah 11) speak of a future time when Israel will be restored spiritually and physically. This restoration aligns with the belief in a literal fulfillment of God’s promises during the Millennial reign of Christ.
The tension between chastisement and covenant can be seen as part of a larger narrative about sin, judgment, grace, and redemption within scripture. Understanding this tension helps believers appreciate both God’s justice in dealing with sin and His mercy in fulfilling His promises. While discipline may occur due to disobedience, it does not nullify God’s irrevocable commitments. It rather sets the stage for eventual restoration.
Even though God’s covenants with Israel (Abrahamic, Davidic, and New) are unconditional, obedience still plays a significant role in the fulfillment of them. Disobedience does not nullify God’s covenants, but disobedience or obedience can affect an individual Jew’s experience of blessings associated with those covenants. The end of Deuteronomy outlines blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience. Israel’s failure to obey can and has lead to temporal consequences such as exile or suffering. This continues to this very day.
Purpose of Chastisement
Prophetic texts such as Ezekiel 36-37 and Romans 11:25-27 speak of a time when Israel will turn back to God and experience His blessings as a nation. This will bring to consummation what God promised. Central to this restoration is Jesus Christ. Enough individual Israelites will turn to and believe in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior to make up an entire nation that God will save. Christ will return to establish His kingdom on earth, during which time He will reign from Jerusalem for a thousand years on earth and then into the eternal state (Revelation 20-22).
In the biblical narrative, God used surrounding nations to subject Israel to oppression and punishment. This chastisement served multiple purposes: it was a means of discipline intended to bring Israel back to faithfulness and obedience (as seen in Jeremiah and Isaiah), and it also demonstrated God’s sovereignty over all nations.
God Uses and Then Punishes Nations
God can and use even those who oppose Him or His people for His divine purposes. Nations acting out of their own motives, often by power or greed, still fulfilled God’s plan. Despite being instruments of God’s will, these nations faced repercussions for their actions against Israel. This fulfilled God’s covenants. He cursed them who cursed Israel. This included even the relatively light opposition of a weaker nation like Edom in the book of Obadiah. These nations are accountable for their own actions despite God using them to chastise Israel.
The nature of this judgment varies; it can manifest as military defeat, exile, or other forms of national calamity. The overarching principle is that God holds all nations accountable for how they treat His chosen people. This reflects both justice and mercy within God’s character—justice in punishing wrongdoing and mercy in offering opportunities for repentance.
Even though the chastisement inflicted on Israel by other nations may have been part of God’s sovereign plan, those same nations faced punishment for their actions against Israel. The Gentile nations that move Israel toward their repentance during the time of the Gentiles will also face God’s punishment for their role. This again expresses the tension between Divine sovereignty and human responsibility.
My Take on the Complicated World Scene That Includes Ukraine, Russia, and Israel
Division Over Israel
What’s going on in foreign policy in the world is one of the most interesting variations of division that I’ve seen in my lifetime. Positions divide normal allies and unify former enemies. It’s a challenge even in theological circles with diverse interpretations of biblical prophecy. The event of October 7, 2023 with the brutal attack by Hamas on Israel also ratchets up emotions, making it more difficult to discuss.
When someone becomes settled, what I like to call “concrete,” in his position, he might take disagreement personally. Maybe very personally. It’s tough to talk issues when emotions run so high. Maybe you’ve seen various podcasts with arguments between an Israeli and a Palestinian. Heated doesn’t represent how hot the temperature gets. I’ve noticed very often, between school yard taunts and name calls, the same repeated accusations from both sides.
Ben Shapiro, Candace Owens, Tucker Carlson, and the Democrat Party
Perhaps you heard about the skirmish now between Ben Shapiro and Candace Owens. The co-founder of Daily Wire called his employee an “absolute disgrace,” caught on video in a private meeting and went viral. She then sits down to comment to Tucker Carlson in an explosive interview. Shapiro has done very angry high energy rants about the expressed position of Carlson. I couldn’t possibly list every prominent ongoing debate, there are so many.
One can witness the variated division between the remaining Republican presidential candidates. A divide also exists among Democrats between university-type leftists, Pro-Palestinian, and traditional Democrat Pro-Israel stances, especially represented by Senator Chuck Schumer and others.
The Animosity Toward Israel
Hatred of Israel across the world validates biblical prophecy. Despite propaganda-like support from Hollywood and in the mainstream media for the Jews and against genocidal treatment, hatred reaches a recent high everywhere. Based on its mere size, Israel would not deserve or receive this animosity, yet it does. Why and how? Two reasons.
One, Satan opposes Israel still. He wants to throw a wrench into the ongoing plan of God in the world. He has strong influence on the easily manipulated lost nations and their leaders. Two, God still fulfills prophecy with chastisement of Israel. Israel does not have a statute of limitations on God’s reprimands. I wish for open eyes for Israel, although I don’t expect it. Yet, God still isn’t done with Israel; hence the continued discipline.
As an example of division, many reading this nod “no” in strong opposition to what I write here. Many both amillennialists and postmillennialists see God done with Israel, replaced by the church. When I say “church,” I mean their version of God’s kingdom on earth, made up of Christendom. They see Israel as an unbelieving, rebellious people, who deserves no special favor against the Arabs in Palestine.
Candace Owens, who professes Christianity, married a Roman Catholic. Maybe she leans that way now. She can find support from Reformed evangelicals with a similar view of the world. You look at the history of Roman Catholicism and even the European Protestant state churches, and you see historical anti-semitism. Tucker Carlson grew up Episcopalian and he seems right now to return to some version of Christian nationalism, as seen in his interviews of foreign Christian nationalists. I see Vladimir Putin himself a kind of Christian nationalist, more interested in the survival of his nation and culture.
Jewish Anger toward Hamas and Palestine
What I’m writing in this post would require book or dissertation level analysis. I’m not going to write that, even though it’s an interest.
I understand Shapiro’s anger. Hamas killed 1,500 Israelites and took 240 hostages. The United States is 33 times the population of Israel and had 3,000 killed on 9-11. That means this is at least fifteen times worse, and it’s almost immeasurable with the way Hamas did it.
Remove the religious and ethnic component, and even as an international incident, if Israel acts like any other nation, it would react more harsh than it even is acting. When I hear Shapiro defend Israel’s reaction, I agree with him. I’ve heard both sides of the argument in all their iterations and I support Israel’s argument. The United States should just let Israel do its thing and not get in the way. I would advocate for U.S. backing and support if international escalation occurred from prominent Israeli enemies like Iran.
Varied Points of View, Yet Still Supporting Israel
Support without Foreign Aid
On the other hand, I like the idea of not sending money to Israel. I’m in the proto-Republican anti-intervention, quasi-isolationist camp. This is more in the realm of a fresh realization of the Monroe doctrine. The United States solidifies its own security and borders, solves its own very serious problems first. It follows the Pauline view of bearing your own burdens before you bear those of others.
As a companion to everything else, I like firming up freedom of speech. Some of this relates to a reaction to January 6 compared to Antifa and BLM riots and the denial of a rigged 2020 election and the denial of 2016 election seen in the Russian Hoax and Hunter Biden laptop. I understand the concerns over any even questioning of Israel policy as anti-semitic. White people in the United States, Israel supporters, have felt left out of the concern over racism from American Jews in comparison with silence over Antifa and BLM. Apparent first amendment supporters should allow free expression of these inconsistencies without pulling an anti-semitism card.
Democrat support of Israel comes with obvious strings attached. American money brings American supervision or control. When America attacked Iraq after 911, relatively little criticism came for collateral damage, death of innocent civilians. This is the cost of war for American retaliation. Hamas uses children as human shields and Israel must pause its offensive, perhaps leaving Hamas intact. The United States should consider not sending monetary support and just allowing Israel free reign on its own security. American Democrat politics affect Israeli security, bouncing Israel around like a political volleyball.
Hatred from Jews for their Own Supporters
It is tough to bridge historical support of Israel with the typical woke politics among Jews in the United States and Israel. Almost 50% of Jews in Israel self-identify as secular. They support same sex marriage and other forms of moral perversion, not operating according to objective truth. 62 percent of the 7.6 million Jews in the United States are secular. 79% voted Democrat in the 2018 midterm elections.
Pew Research did a study on American Jews in 2020 and 81 percent of Orthodox Jews supported Trump. On the other hand, the same study said 73% of all Jews opposed Trump. This describes the difference between a secular and religious Jew in the United States. Recently, secular Jew Barbara Streisand complained that she would not live in the United States if Donald Trump became president again. She would move to England — you know, the place where 300,000 pro-Hamas protestors recently gathered on the streets of London against Israel.
Shapiro himself sometimes plays, I believe, to the secular Jew. Perhaps a form of self-preservation innate from hundreds of years of persecution explains. As a professing Orthodox Jew, attaching himself to the Old Testament in a prominent way, he uses profane language and tells dirty jokes in public. Then when an Owens or Tucker, whom I would see as supporters of Israel, albeit in a lesser way, he reacts in a ballistic manner. When questioned on Trump in a secular crowd, he throws Trump under the bus in a harsher way than he would George Soros or Bill Maher.
Support of Israel and Milquetoast Response
Part of the Abrahamic Covenant, which is still intact, is that God promised He would bless people that bless Israel. Among other reasons, that explains a strong support of Israel in the United States, including welcoming those 7.6 million Jews in the United States. A majority of those Jews have been sharply antagonistic with their chief supporters, many expressing intense hatred for them. This communicates the peculiar situation this issue provides. You can greatly dislike the Jewish worldview while really loving and bestowing support for Jews and Israel.
No group provides as sharp and hateful rhetoric toward Christians in the United States like Jews do. Israel’s protection in the Middle East greatly depends on this group of people mainly hated by Jews in the United States. In a personal way, I’ve received no greater disrespect than I have from Jews and on many different occasions. I’ve never treated a Jew in a bad way, always in a loving way. A small percentage of the Jews I’ve known return that favor. Of course, they might explain that they don’t like the reason why we love them so much.
Many forms of contradiction occur over the issue of Israel and Palestine. A Jew easily can confuse a Catholic from a Protestant from an Evangelical. Even on this blog, in the comment section some attack Israel for Christian reasons while we defend Israel for Christian reasons. They both can’t be right, yet they both exist.
More to Come
Does God’s Justice Make You a Victim?
While at the gym I was listening to Leviticus and knowing the book of Lamentations, something struck me at the end of Leviticus about the justice of God. The next to the last chapter, Leviticus 26:18-22, say:
18 And if ye will not yet for all this hearken unto me, then I will punish you seven times more for your sins.
19 And I will break the pride of your power; and I will make your heaven as iron, and your earth as brass:
20 And your strength shall be spent in vain: for your land shall not yield her increase, neither shall the trees of the land yield their fruits.
21 And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not hearken unto me; I will bring seven times more plagues upon you according to your sins.
22 I will also send wild beasts among you, which shall rob you of your children, and destroy your cattle, and make you few in number; and your high ways shall be desolate.
I mention Lamentations, because this warning was at least fulfilled at the siege of Jerusalem, chronicled in Lamentations. Here are examples from the five chapters:
1:5 Her adversaries are the chief, her enemies prosper; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her children are gone into captivity before the enemy.
1:16 For these things I weep; mine eye, mine eye runneth down with water, because the comforter that should relieve my soul is far from me: my children are desolate, because the enemy prevailed.
2:11 Mine eyes do fail with tears, my bowels are troubled, my liver is poured upon the earth, for the destruction of the daughter of my people; because the children and the sucklings swoon in the streets of the city.
2:19 Arise, cry out in the night: in the beginning of the watches pour out thine heart like water before the face of the Lord: lift up thy hands toward him for the life of thy young children, that faint for hunger in the top of every street.
4:4 The tongue of the sucking child cleaveth to the roof of his mouth for thirst: the young children ask bread, and no man breaketh it unto them.
4:10 The hands of the pitiful women have sodden their own children: they were their meat in the destruction of the daughter of my people.
5:13 They took the young men to grind, and the children fell under the wood.
Maybe nothing stands out more than consequences affecting children. God listed many in Leviticus 26. The heavens will be as iron, meaning no rain, which turns the ground to brass. Land will not bring increase. Trees do not yield fruit. Multiple plagues come. Wild beasts rob families of their domestic animals and their children.
The Lamentation quotes focus on one aspect of the judgment, what occurs to the children. All the rest are in there, bookending the list of expectations.
Why do these things occur? The people do not listen to God. They walk contrary to God. They do no obey Him.
The people are not victims. They caused this. They are responsible. The people suffer for unrighteousness.
Many times, thoughts begin with the imagination of victimhood. Before someone gets there, he should consider whether he listens to God, walks contrary to God, or does not obey Him. In Lamentations, God says through Jeremiah that He brings these consequences out of His faithfulness.
God’s justice doesn’t make you a victim.
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