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New List of Reasons for Maximum Certainty for the New Testament Text (Part 5)

ANSWERING AGAIN THE “WHAT TR?” QUESTION

Part One     Part Two     Part Three     Part Four

1.  God Inspired Specific, Exact Words, and All of Them.
2.  After God Inspired, Inscripturated, or Gave His Words, All of Them, to His People through His Institutions, He Kept Preserving Each of Them and All of Them According to His Promises of Preservation.
3.  God Promised Preservation of the Words in the Language They Were Written, or In Other Words, He Preserved Exactly What He Gave.
4.  God’s Promise of Keeping and Preserving His Words Means the Availability of His Words to Every Generation of Believers.
5.  God the Holy Spirit, the Third Person of the Trinity, Used the Church to Accredit or Confirm What Is Scripture and What Is Not.
6.  God Declares a Settled Text of Scripture in His Word.

THE APPLICATION OF THE PRESUPPOSITIONS, PRINCIPLES, AND PROMISES OF AND FROM SCRIPTURE

God’s Word is truth.  It provides the expectations for Christians, not feelings or experience.  People can count on what God says.  True believers go to scripture to get their views for things.

The Lord in His Word gives the expectations regarding the future of scripture.  What would God do?  If God says He will do it, then He will do it, and believers will believe that He did.

The presuppositions, principles, and promises of and from scripture provide a model, paradigm, or template for knowing what God’s Words are.  The true view will follow a biblical model.

Epistemology

What I’m writing in this series considers how people know or can know what they know, what’s called “epistemology.”  The critical text and its modern versions are different than the received or traditional text and the King James Version.  They can’t both be right.  Of the two, how do we know which one is right?

Knowledge starts with God’s Word.  Faith in what God says is the primary way of knowing what people ought to know.  Someone can open to Genesis 1:1 and know what it says occurred based on God saying it.

Only one text and version position fits the principles, presuppositions, and promises of scripture.  The above six true principles lead one to the received text or textus receptus.  Only the received text, the underlying text of the King James Version, corresponds to what God said would occur.

Which Textus Receptus?

Opponents or critics of the received text position, critical text proponents, very often ask, “Which Textus Receptus (TR)?”  I saw someone recently mock the TR by calling it the “Texti Recepti.”  The idea of this criticism is that there is more than one edition of the TR, so which one is it?

The textus receptus is a very homogenous text.  All the varied editions are very close and essentially the same.  However, the differences would contradict perfect, every word preservation and a settled text.  This criticism becomes a major presupposition for a critical text position.  It says, “No one knows what the text is, so everyone continues with textual criticism.”

Following the presuppositions, principles, and promises of scripture, one witnesses settlement on the text of scripture.  Even though each of the twenty-seven books of the New Testament were considered scripture immediately, its aggregation or collation into one book took one or two hundred years.  This occurred through the agreement of God’s people and the testimony of the Holy Spirit, termed “canonicity.”

History of the Received Text

Through church history, God’s people continued to ascertain and identify scripture in the keeping process.  Churches kept agreeing on the twenty-seven books of the New Testament.  They also received the words of the New Testament, the text of the New Testament.  Churches had already been receiving the same text of scripture in the manuscript or hand-written era.  A few years ago, I wrote the following.

Kurt Aland

The TR never meant one printed edition.  Even Kurt and Barbara Aland the famed textual critics, the “A” in “NA” (Nestles-Aland), wrote (“The Text of the Church?” in Trinity Journal, Fall, 1987, p.131):

[I]t is undisputed that from the 16th to the 18th century orthodoxy’s doctrine of verbal inspiration assumed this Textus Receptus. It was the only Greek text they knew, and they regarded it as the ‘original text.’

He also wrote in his The Text of the New Testament (p. 11):

We can appreciate better the struggle for freedom from the dominance of the Textus Receptus when we remember that in this period it was regarded even to the last detail the inspired and infallible word of God himself.

Barbara Aland

His wife Barbara writes in her book, The Text of the New Testament (pp. 6-7):

[T]he Textus Receptus remained the basic text and its authority was regarded as canonical. . . . Every theologian of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (and not just the exegetical scholars) worked from an edition of the Greek text of the New Testament which was regarded as the “revealed text.” This idea of verbal inspiration (i. e., of the literal and inerrant inspiration of the text) which the orthodoxy of both Protestant traditions maintained so vigorously, was applied to the Textus Receptus.

I say all that, because Aland accurately does not refer to an edition of the TR, neither does he speak of the TR like it is an edition.  It isn’t.  That is invented language used as a reverse engineering argument by critical text proponents, differing with the honest proposition of Aland, quoted above.  They very often focus on Desiderius Erasmus and his first printed edition of the Greek New Testament.  That’s not how believers viewed what the Van Kleecks call the Standard Sacred Text, others call the Ecclesiastical Text, and still others the Traditional Text.

Metzger

Neither does Bruce Metzger refer to an edition of the Textus Receptus; only to the Textus Receptus (The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, 4th ed. [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005], pp. 106-251):

Having secured . . . preeminence, what came to be called the Textus Receptus of the New Testament resisted for 400 years all scholarly effort to displace it. . . . [The] “Textus Receptus,” or commonly received, standard text . . . makes the boast that “[the reader has] the text now received by all, in which we give nothing changed or corrupted.” . . . [This] form of Greek text . . . succeeded in establishing itself as “the only true text” of the New Testament and was slavishly reprinted in hundreds of subsequent editions. It lies at the basis of the King James Version and of all the principal Protestant translations in the languages of Europe prior to 1881.

[T]he reverence accorded the Textus Receptus. . . [made] attempts to criticize or emend it . . . akin to sacrilege. . . . For almost two centuries . . . almost all of the editors of the New Testament during this period were content to reprint the time-honored . . . Textus Receptus. . . . In the early days of . . . determining textual groupings . . . the manuscript was collated against the Textus Receptus . . . . This procedure made sense to scholars, who understood the Textus Receptus as the original text of the New Testament, for then variations from it would be “agreements in error.”

The Textus Receptus does not refer to a single printed edition of the New Testament.  The language of a received text proceeds from true believers in a time before the printing press in hand copies and then leading to the period of its printing.

Edward Freer Hills

Churches up to the printing press ‘received’ the “received text,” hence, “the received text” of the New Testament.  This bore itself out in the printed edition era, as churches only printed editions of the received text.  However, they didn’t permanently continue printing editions of the TR.  They settled, as seen in the discontinuation of printing further editions after about a hundred years.  This was a shorter period of time than the settlement or agreement on the twenty-seven books of scripture.

What I’m writing here corresponds to the now well-known position expressed by Edward Freer Hills in his book, The King James Version Defended.  He wrote:

The King James Version ought to be regarded not merely as a translation of the Textus Receptus but also as an independent variety of the Textus Receptus. . . . But what do we do in these few places in which the several editions of the Textus Receptus disagree with one another? Which text do we follow? The answer to this question is easy. We are guided by the common faith. hence we favor that form of the Textus Receptus upon which more than any other, God, working providentially, has placed the stamp of His approval, namely the King James Version, or, more precisely, the Greek text underlying the King James Version.

King James Version Translated from Something

Some critical text adherents want to make Hills statement a “gotcha” or “aha” moment.  “Look, this is an English priority!”  I say, “No, the King James translators were translators, so they translated from something.” From which they translated is represented by the writing and teaching in all the centuries after the last printed edition of the textus receptus and the acceptance of the King James Version.

The King James Version translators translated from available words.  They relied on the printed editions of the textus receptus.  Their text was its own independent variety, like Hills said.  However, that text pre-existed the translation, even if it wasn’t in one printed edition.  Again, scripture doesn’t argue for the preservation of an edition.

Those translations forerunning the King James Version also relied on the textus receptus.  The necessity of a settled text, that particular presupposition, looks on which the vast majority of believers settled.  The concluding certainty comes from faith in what God said He would do.

Printed Editions of the TR

Almost one hundred percent of the words for the King James Version came from the printed editions of the textus receptus.  Maybe two or three words total in the King James Version don’t appear in any printed edition of the textus receptus but had textual attestation elsewhere.  A vast majority of true believers were not reading the Greek New Testament.  They accepted or received the textus receptus by receiving the translation from the textus receptus.  This helps explain the Hills statement of an “independent variety of the Textus Receptus.”  It’s not unique though in a fair understanding of the word.  It reflects what God’s people received as the text of the New Testament since its original writing.

In 1881, F. H. A. Scrivener took on the monumental project of printing the received text underlying the King James Version New Testament.  For many decades the Trinitarian Bible Society has printed this edition of the textus receptus.  The printing of this as its own edition suggests the independent variety of the Textus Receptus underlying the New Testament of the King James Version.

The Ecclesiastical Text

Some call the textus receptus, “the ecclesiastical text.”  I don’t mind that title.  It acknowledges the testimony of the Holy Spirit toward His words through the church.  God uses the church to attest to the words of God as a means of settling the text.  Naturalistic and rationalistic modern textual criticism does not settle the text.  It uses naturalistic means as a basis for speculating the original text of the New Testament.  It does not claim certainty or knowing what the text is.  Because of its means or instrumentality, it doesn’t and can’t claim to know the original text.  It also does not acknowledge the truth of the above principles, promises, and presuppositions.

I know I’m saved.  Scripture assures me of my salvation.  The Bible also assures me that I know what is the text of the New Testament.  I know the New Testament text like I know the twenty-seven books of the New Testament.

Acting in Faith

Faith acts.  It will bite down on what God said and what He said He would do.  You don’t believe if you sit back and taste without swallowing.  Faith isn’t a sample-fest.

On this subject, some are reticent to say what is the text of the New Testament.  They anticipate the attack coming, including mockery.  Those mocking do not bite down. They instead adjust based upon their naturalistic presuppositions.  They say something like “confidence” instead of “certainty.”  That doesn’t follow what scripture says about itself.  This should embarrass them.  I think it does many of them, which is why the angry reaction and the resultant mockery.

The trail of faith on this issue ends with the underlying text behind the King James Version.  The closest to that is all the words found in the printed edition.  That sort of settles, but it leaves wiggle room.  It’s a harder-to-defend position, based upon the plain scriptural presuppositions.

More to Come

New List of Reasons for Maximum Certainty for the New Testament Text (Part 4)

ANSWERING AGAIN THE “WHAT TR?” QUESTION

Part One     Part Two     Part Three

1.  God Inspired Specific, Exact Words, and All of Them.
2.  After God Inspired, Inscripturated, or Gave His Words, All of Them, to His People through His Institutions, He Kept Preserving Each of Them and All of Them According to His Promises of Preservation.
3.  God Promised Preservation of the Words in the Language They Were Written, or In Other Words, He Preserved Exactly What He Gave.
4.  God’s Promise of Keeping and Preserving His Words Means the Availability of His Words to Every Generation of Believers.
5.  God the Holy Spirit, the Third Person of the Trinity, Used the Church to Accredit or Confirm What Is Scripture and What Is Not.

Introduction to Point 6.

I hear many, what I would call, dishonest arguments.  Those occur all the time from proponents of the critical text or multiple modern versions.  Let me give you a couple, three, but with my focus on one in particular.  One of these is the usage of the KJV translators for support of the critical text and modern versions.  I agree the translators made room for improvements to their translation.  They didn’t see the translation as the end of improvement in translation.  They weren’t talking about improvements on the underlying text.  That’s either incompetent or dishonest as an argument.

How can I be the dummy version of KJVO if I agree with the translators on the issue of improvement?  I can’t be, yet this is what critical text or modern version people do all the time.  Their posing as non-confrontational and with a cheery Christian spirit is nothing more than a ruse.  They will treat you well if you budge to a significant degree toward their positions.  That’s all.  If you don’t, you get sent down the garbage disposal.

Pavlovian

There’s something Pavlovian to these modern version advocates.  Young fundamentalists so want their favor, that they salivate to their positive reinforcement.  This corresponds to turning on the light.  The favor acts as a lure to behavior adjustment.  Favored treatment is not an argument, yet is is the most convincing one in a feeling oriented world.

Can someone say the King James Version is inspired and support the 1769 update?  I ask Ruckmanites this question all the time.  Modern version advocates won’t acquiesce because they want to keep this second faux argument alive.  If I approve a 1769 update, why would I not approve another one?  Not doing an update is not the same as not approving of one.  I’ve said often recently that King James Version advocates won’t update the King James Version under the pressure of modern version adherents, who don’t even use the King James.  This really should be the end of this, but it won’t.

Latin Vulgate or Church Hierarchy Attack

The third bad argument from modern version proponents, the one on which I focus, has several layers.  They say the King James is the Latin Vulgate to KJVO like the Latin Vulgate was to Catholics.  This is to smear KJVO with Roman Catholicism.  One of the layers is that it puts Roman Catholic-like power to the textual choices, putting the church over scripture.  This is a category error.

Scripture, the authority, teaches that the Holy Spirit uses the church as the Urim and Thummim.  God directs God’s people to the books and the words of the scripture using the church.  The church is not taking preeminence over scripture by obeying scripture.

These false arguments remind me of the flailing of a losing boxer at the end of a match.  Or, a basketball coach clearing the bench at the end of the game and the substitutes treating the final three minutes like they’ve won the game.  No, they’re losing.  These are not landing a single blow.  They are what experts call “garbage time.”  It’s just stat padding and not contributing toward winning at all.

6.  God Declares a Settled Text of Scripture in His Word.

Settled Word

Scripture is not amoebic.  Its boundaries don’t shapeshift like the Stingray nebula.  The Bible doesn’t ooze and alter like the Hagfish.  God declares in His Word a settled text of scripture.  The Bible is a rock, not shifting sand.

God describes His Word as forever settled (Psalm 119:8-9).  Deuteronomy 4:2 says:

Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.

Proverbs 30:6 instructs:  “Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar.”  At its very end, the Bible says in Revelation 22:18-19:

18 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book: 19 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.

One cannot take away or add a word to a text that isn’t settled.  No possibility of guilt could come to a person for adding or taking away from something unsettled.  These warnings assume the establishment of the words.  All the principles, presuppositions, and promises  from scripture relate to the settlement of the text of the New Testament.

Considering the Nature of God

What God says in scripture about scripture should make sense, considering the nature of God.  In Malachi 3:6, God says:  “For I am the LORD, I change not.”  The immutability of God, one of His attributes, provides a basis for trusting Him.  God communicates the trustworthy nature of His Words with relations to His preservation of them in Isaiah 59:21:

As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD; My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth,, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed’s seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever.

Isaiah 40:8 says something similar:  “The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.”

Received Text Mindset

Modern version and critical text advocates know that printed editions of the received text of the New Testament in the 16th and 17th centuries have few and minor variations.  When I say “few and minor,” I’m not making a point that those variants do not matter.  They do.  The attitude at the time sounded like what Richard Capel wrote:

[W]e have the Copies in both languages [Hebrew and Greek], which Copies vary not from Primitive writings in any matter which may stumble any. This concernes onely the learned, and they know that by consent of all parties, the most learned on all sides among Christians do shake hands in this, that God by his providence hath preserved them uncorrupt. . . .

As God committed the Hebrew text of the Old Testament to the Jewes, and did and doth move their hearts to keep it untainted to this day: So I dare lay it on the same God, that he in his providence is so with the Church of the Gentiles, that they have and do preserve the Greek Text uncorrupt, and clear: As for some scrapes by Transcribers, that comes to no more, than to censure a book to be corrupt, because of some scrapes in the printing, and tis certain, that what mistake is in one print, is corrected in another.

The variation did not yield an unsettled nature.  No, “what mistake is in one print, is corrected in another.”  They knew errors could come into a hand copy or even a printed edition.  However, that did not preclude the doctrine of preservation and a settled text.  God would have us live by every Word that proceeds from the mouth of God.

More to Come

New List of Reasons for Maximum Certainty for the New Testament Text (Part 2)

ANSWERING AGAIN THE “WHAT TR?” QUESTION

Part One

1.  God Inspired Specific, Exact Words, and All of Them.
2.  After God Inspired, Inscripturated, or Gave His Words, All of Them, to His People through His Institutions, He Kept Preserving Each of Them and All of Them According to His Promises of Preservation.
3.  God Promised Preservation of the Words in the Language They Were Written, or In Other Words, He Preserved Exactly What He Gave.

Ahhh certainty, what some people call “epistemic hubris,” but I digress.  One thing that modern version and critical text supporters are certain about?  You can’t be certain about the text of the New Testament.  They’re certain of that.  And how do they know with such certainty so as to call people dangerous and extremist, who are certain?  They know the same way that any one of you are certain that Covid arose from an animal in a wet market in Wuhan, China.  You can’t be certain about the text of scripture even though scripture teaches certainty on the text of scripture.  No, only a degree of confidence somewhere less than the efficiency of Tide detergent.

So I can get behind a keyboard and be a tough guy.  That’s easy.  But what about putting a blog where my mouth is.  Let us continue.

Meaning of Kept

In His high priestly prayer in John 17, Jesus says in verse 6, “They have kept thy word.”  “Kept” is the Greek word tareo, which BDAG says means:

1.  to retain in custody, keep watch over, guard . . . .  2. to cause a state, condition, or activity to continue, keep, hold, reserve, preserve someone or something.

Jesus uses the word tareo a few verses later in verse 12, saying:

While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled.

The word kept that Jesus uses in verse 6, He defines in verse 12.  Twice he says He “kept them.”  And then He says, “None of them is lost.”  If someone keeps something or someone, then nothing or no one was lost.  If something or someone is lost, it or he was not kept.  Let’s say Jesus originally saved 100,000 people, but in the end only 99,995 or so were saved.  He couldn’t say, “None of them is lost.”  Five of them were lost.  If you were one of the five, you would take a change in the definition of “kept” very seriously.

Consider this dialogue.

“I gave you those fifty marbles.  Did you keep them?”

“Yes.”

“So how many do you have?”

“I have 48 of them.”

“I thought you said you kept them.”

“I did.”

“No you didn’t; you lost two of them.  That’s not keeping the marbles.  That’s losing.”

That’s a basic tutorial on the concept of keep or preserve.

Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic Words

The Bible promises preservation of what God gave, inscripturated, or inspired.  What He gave were words almost exclusively in Hebrew and Greek, and a few in Aramaic.  What He gave He also kept or preserved.  God didn’t give, inscripturate, or inspire English words.  He gave Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic words and those were the ones He also kept or preserved.

What Jesus said in Matthew 5:18 corroborates this obvious idea of kept or preserved.  Jesus said:

For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.

Jesus was speaking of the Old Testament and a jot and a tittle were both Hebrew letters, not some other language.  Again, this was not a promise to preserve one particular manuscript or physical scroll.  In its context (Matthew 5:17-20) it did mean that scripture, its letters and words on pages, would remain available to read and heed.

4.  God’s Promise of Keeping and Preserving His Words Means the Availability of His Words to Every Generation of Believers.

Availability or General Accessibility

Keeping means availability.  Availability means general accessibility.  Scripture shows this again and again.  God kept the words for people to know and obey.  Keeping them for His people to whom He gave them means their availability for those people to use.

Saying “general accessibility” means that someone may not have his own copy of scripture at home.  The words were available in general for believers in general.  Words not generally accessible were not the words God kept for His people.  Because a single ancient manuscript was on earth somewhere does not mean it was available or generally accessible.  It wasn’t.  God’s people did not have it to read and heed.

Versus Buried Text View

A doctrine of availability accompanies a true doctrine of preservation.  I call the alternative a “buried text view.”  Critical text proponents are still searching for lost hand copies and ancient translations for the sake of restoring a lost text.  Every time a person or organization announces that he or it found a very old page of scripture, critical text scholars relish with great expectation to find new information for possible purposes of correction.

Those who believe in perfect preservation for every generation of believer do not expect to find a buried or lost text that will correct the present text of scripture.  They believe in preservation and availability.  That lost copy was not available.  It couldn’t be what God preserved or kept.

New Testament Language of the Received Text

The language, “received text,” elicits the truth of availability.  Something not available was not received by anyone.  “Received text” itself, as a description of the preserved New Testament text, comes from scripture.

Gospels

Matthew 13:19-20, 22-23, “When any one heareth the word of the kingdom, and understandeth it not, then cometh the wicked one, and catcheth away that which was sown in his heart. This is he which received seed by the way side. But he that received the seed into stony places, the same is he that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it.

He also that received seed among the thorns is he that heareth the word; and the care of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, choke the word, and he becometh unfruitful. But he that received seed into the good ground is he that heareth the word, and understandeth it; which also beareth fruit, and bringeth forth, some an hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty.”

Luke 8:13, “They on the rock are they, which, when they hear, receive the word with joy; and these have no root, which for a while believe, and in time of temptation fall away.”

John 17:8, “For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me; and they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me.”

Acts

Acts 2:41, “Then they that gladly received his word were baptized: and the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls.”

Acts 8:14, “Now when the apostles which were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent unto them Peter and John.”

Acts 11:1, “And the apostles and brethren that were in Judaea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God.”

Acts 17:11, “These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.”

Epistles

1 Thessalonians 1:6, “And ye became followers of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Ghost.”

1 Thessalonians 2:13, “For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe.”

James 1:21, “Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls.”

How could believers or churches receive God’s Word or Words if they were not available?  They couldn’t.  But this was not the case.  They could receive His Words because of the general accessibility of them for every generation of believer.

More to Come

The Hypocrisy and Deceitfulness of the Chief Critical Text Attack on the Received Text of Scripture

The Ross-White Debate produced at least one major and helpful revelation.  It showed the hypocrisy and deceitfulness of the chief modern critical text attack on the received text of scripture.  I want you to understand this.  White called the USB/NA textually superior because the Roman Catholic humanist Erasmus in 1516 had one extant manuscript for one variant in Ephesians 3:9.  He said that variant opposed nearly the entire manuscript tradition.

Erasmus, Humanism, and Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholic?

Before I dig into White’s assertion, let’s consider the information about Erasmus, a major part of his and other’s contention.  In 1516 Erasmus published a printed edition of the Greek New Testament, essentially the same text used for every translation of the New Testament for any language for hundreds of years.  True believers called this their Bible.  They broke from and stood against Roman Catholicism because of it, which advocated a Latin text, not an original language one.  It also opposed in general the Bible in the hands of the populace.

Erasmus was Roman Catholic in 1516.  Who wasn’t Roman Catholic in 1516?  Martin Luther still was.  John Calvin, albeit a boy, still was.  Ulrich Zwingli was.  William Tyndale was.  No one was Protestant.  Erasmus at least conflicted with the Roman Catholic Church when that was rare.  The English Reformation didn’t start until 1534.  This point should be a laughable one.  Almost every historian considers Erasmus a key forerunner of the Reformation.

Humanist?

Erasmus was a humanist, but that is not by a modern definition, where man is the measure of all things.  Secular humanists don’t believe in God.  Erasmus believed in God.  His humanism was a defense of the humanities.  This advocated for the study of the classical languages, literature, grammar, rhetoric, and history.  Regarding scripture, he promoted the study of the biblical languages, Hebrew and Greek.  Part of Erasmus’s humanism was Philosophia Christi, a simple, ethical Christianity without the rituals and superstitions of then Roman Catholicism.

The trajectory of the text of Erasmus moved through then to Stephanus and Beza, becoming the basis of the translations into the common languages:  English, German, Spanish, French, and Dutch.  Churches received this text and translated from it into their languages.  This did not become anything acceptable to Roman Catholicism.  They continued embracing the Latin.  The Roman Catholic Inquisitions ordered the destruction of Bibles in the vernacular.

What is White doing with his use of humanist and Roman Catholic?  I believe he is doing at least two things.  One, he is attempting to mute the reality that the titans of the critical text, they’re unbelieving.  Modern textual criticism proceeds without theological presuppositions and with solely naturalistic ones.  He wants to frame Erasmus into the same category.

Two, White wants to paint an unsavory association of the received text with humanism and Roman Catholicism.  He doesn’t want his audience to think of the humanities, but of secular humanism.  He doesn’t care that this isn’t the kind of humanist Erasmus was.  He’s hoping for the chaos or confusion of the deception.  White doesn’t care if Erasmus was Roman Catholic.  That doesn’t bother him about Athanasius or Augustine.  He knows too about the reality of Erasmus.  This is a mere rhetorical tactic.

Extant Manuscript Support for the Received Text or the Critical Text

Majority Text

On many other occasions and in the Ross-White Debate, James White said the received text (TR) was inferior because of lacking textual support.  Until Zane Hodges and Arthur Farstad published their “Majority Text” in 1985, many, if not most TR advocates and others, called the TR, the majority text.  Men stopped referring to the TR as the majority text because people would think they referred to the Hodges-Farstad publication.  Why did men call the TR the majority text and the critical text, the minority text?

The TR is based on the majority of the manuscripts.  It is a Byzantine text.  A majority of the extant Greek manuscripts of the New Testament come from the area of the Byzantine Empire.  The TR agrees 99 percent with a majority of the manuscripts.

Hypocrisy and Deceit

White pointed to one word in Revelation 16:5 having no extant manuscript support.  This is his favorite argument against the TR.  He says that it is a conjectural emendation of Beza.  He points to one word in Ephesians 3:9 having the support of one extant manuscript.

Ross exposed the hypocrisy and deceitfulness of White’s chief argument against the TR and in favor of the USB/NA (critical text).  He showed how that in over a hundred places a line of reading in the USB/NA has no (zero) manuscript evidence.  White has one example.  Ross had over a hundred.

In addition, the entire critical text relies on a minority of the manuscripts, which is why men called that text, the minority text.  How could the TR be worse because one percent of it has support in the minority and the critical text does that for its entire text?  The USB/NA relies on very few manuscripts.  If that’s worse, as seen in White’s attack on the TR, how could he support the USB/NA over the TR?

In every place the USB/NA has no extant manuscript support for its lines of readings (again, over 100), the TR has manuscript support.  This should end White’s manuscript argument.  Ross pointed this out in the debate in a very clear fashion.  White would not recant of his position.

Ad Hominem

Instead, as he almost always does, White used ad hominem argument, attacking Ross personally, and then he tried to confuse the audience about what Ross said.  With no evidence, he told the audience this just wasn’t happening.  In essence, he said, “Don’t believe Ross, he doesn’t know what he’s doing and what he says really isn’t the truth,” followed by zero proof of that.

By writing this post, I could be associating with someone who is ignorant and a liar.  I should be careful.  This is what White wants his followers to believe about Ross.  Joining me in an association with Ross’s arguments is Jeff Riddle.  He and I do not know each other, but he too supported what Ross said.

I didn’t hear or see one person on White’s side, which would be in the thousands, debunk with any proof at all what Ross showed in the debate.  Since the debate, I read more of the White technique of slandering his opponent.  They focused on how many slides he had and how fast he talked.  They said the KJVO position was awful, not understanding that Ross showed in the debate how that according to White, the KJVO position fits a wide spectrum of possible positions.

A Choice

White and others have a choice.  They can concede to Ross and those who believe like him, including myself.  Or, they can go back to the drawing board to try to get better arguments.  I would say, get arguments period.  The Ephesians 3:9 and Revelation 16:5 examples do not qualify as an argument from someone who supports readings with zero manuscript support.

The future bodes tough for White and his associates.  The situation is not going to change.  They have what they have.  Nothing new is arriving for them.  Personal attack, hypocrisy, and deceit are the best they have.

Textual Criticism Related to the Bible Bows to Modernity

Christianity is old.  There is no new and improved version of it.  It is what it started to be.  Changing it isn’t a good thing.  Let me expand.

Modern and Modernity

Right now as I implement the term “modern” I am using it in the way it is in the word “modernity” or “modernism.”  I think modernism is a perversion of something good that occurred, which is the advancement proceeding from the printing and vastly greater distribution of the Bible after 1440.  It fulfilled a cultural mandate lost with the domination of Roman Catholicism, “subdue and have dominion.”  Feudalism went by the wayside.  Quality of life improved.

In Judges in the Old Testament, Israel turned away from God, which resulted in bad consequences both indirect and direct from God.  Israel cried out to God.  God delivered and Israel then prospered again.  Prosperity led back to turning away again, the bad consequences, and the cycle begins again.

The prosperity brought by the printing, distribution, and reading of the Bible brought the modern life.  With all the massive new amounts of published material to read, people saw themselves as smarter than they were.  They thought they could take that to God, the church, worship, and to the Bible.  In essence, “let’s take our superior knowledge and apply it now to the Bible.”

Evidentialism

Modernism included evidentialism.  Something isn’t true without exposure to man’s reason and evidence.  No, the Bible stands on its own.  It is self-evident truth, higher than reason and evidence, at the same time not contradicting reason or evidence.

Modern textual criticism arose out of modernism.  The prosperity from the fulfillment of the cultural mandate proceeding from publication and distribution of scripture brought this proud intellectualism.  Like in the days of the Judges, it isn’t even true.  It isn’t better.

People have cell phones today, but who right now thinks that we are superior to when men believed the transcendentals?  Objective truth, objective goodness, and objective beauty?  We have a 60 inch television with a thousand channels, but we lost the greater transcendence.  Modernists put the Bible under their scrutiny, undermining its objective nature.

Sincere Milk

The Apostle Peter called the Word of God “the sincere milk,” which is “the pure mother’s milk.”  Like James wrote and identical to God, the Word of God is pure with neither “variableness, neither shadow of turning” (James 1:17).  This is why true believers of the gospel message of scripture are begotten “with the word of truth” (James 1:18).  God inspired His Words and He preserves His Words using His means, His churches.

Modernists came to the Bible to improve it with their humanistic theories.  They would say, textual variants prove its corruption.  They would restore it to near purity using modernistic means of the modern academy.

The text of true churches, they believed “God . . . by his singular care and providence, kept pure in all ages.”  They received that text.  The modernist academy came along saying, that text is not the oldest, so not the best.  The better text is shorter for ideological reasons. Therefore, everyone has a basis only for relative and proportional confidence, not absolute certainty in the Words of God.  Scripture became subject to modern intellectual tinkering.

Proud Intellectualism

Even in an evidential way, the critical text, a product of critical theories, is not superior.  It allured the proud intellect of modern academics.  It shifted scripture into the laboratory of the university and outside of the God-ordained institution of preservation.

Textual critics cherry pick words and phrases, attacking the text received by the churches, saying, this is found in only one late manuscript.  Meanwhile, 99% of their text comes from two manuscripts.  A hundred lines of text have no manuscript evidence.  They admit themselves educated guessing.  They elevate the date of extant manuscripts above all criteria, including scriptural presuppositions.

Call to Consider Former Things

I ask that we reconsider the spoiled or poison fruit of modernity, arising from a corruption of the prosperity of the printing and wide distribution of the Bible.  God through Isaiah in 41:21-22 says:

21 Produce your cause, saith the Lord; bring forth your strong reasons, saith the King of Jacob.  22 Let them bring them forth, and shew us what shall happen: let them shew the former things, what they be, that we may consider them, and know the latter end of them; or declare us things for to come.

“Former things” relate to the present and to the future, “the latter end of them.”  To understand the present and the future, we need to look to the past.  When did we go off the rails into modernism and now postmodernism?  I call on churches to turn back the clock to former things in a former time.  See the cycle of the Judges, repent and cry out to God.  Like James wrote later in chapter one (verse 21):

Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls.

The Trinitarian Bible Society and Its Position on Scripture

Four days ago the Trinitarian Bible Society launched this video, called, “Upholding the Word of God.”

I appreciate their stand on scripture.  What they present is what, I believe, many Christians across the world say they believe.  What the above video explains is also why they believe it.

Scriptural Presuppositions

The Trinitarian Bible Society starts with scriptural presuppositions.  Their practice of Bible publication arises from their biblical beliefs about the Bible.  This is how it should be.  It’s also what we do not see with those on the critical text side.  They do not emphasize or most often even teach at all what is the scriptural basis of their position.   Their position does not have a biblical mooring.

Someone who appears and speaks often in the above video is Jonathan Arnold, who is also pastor of the Westminster Baptist Church in London.  My wife and I visited that church twice on trips to England.  I appreciate this younger man’s stand on the Word of God in a time of much attack on the doctrine of scripture.  He is now the General Director of the Trinitarian Bible Society.

Many pastors across the world use the Greek New Testament, textus receptus, printed by the Trinitarian Bible Society.  They also print an entire original language Bible in the received text of the Old (Hebrew) and New (Greek) Testaments.

Separatist Heritage

The Trinitarian Bible Society is by history and, therefore, by definition a separatist organization.  It started from a split from the British and Foreign Bible Society over spreading Unitarianism, hence, Trinitarian, and over scripture, therefore, Bible.  As an indication of how significant people thought that was, two thousand gathered for the first meeting at Exeter Hall in London in 1831.  Could they get that many to gather for that separatist purpose today?

The British and Foreign Bible Society allowed a Unitarian as an officer.  Unitarian at the time became the doctrinal position du jour.  It’s a familiar theological term now, unitarian, but it really does encapsulate almost every major theology error in the history of heresy.  It was essentially Socinianism, which taught works salvation and anti-Trinitarianism.  Unitarians denied not only the deity of Christ but also the miracles of the Bible.  They did away of the authority of scripture.

For a long period of time, we would call Socinianism or Unitarianism theological liberalism.  Most liberal churches in whatever denomination are Socinians or Unitarians.  In many ways, we would say they don’t believe anything.  They are drawn together by their denial of scriptural and historical doctrine, which is to say, they deny the truth.

Overall

I have attended many churches affiliated with the Trinitarian Bible Society (TBS) in England.  Some strong churches exist who would not fellowship with the Trinitarian Bible Society, but very few.  A majority of the strongest churches in England, where the best representation of New Testament Christianity exists, associate themselves with the TBS.  This says much about the outcome or consequences of the received text of the original languages of scripture and the King James Version, which these churches support and propagate.

I differ from most of these Trinitarian Bible Society affiliated institutions in ecclesiology, eschatology, and dispensationalism versus covenant theology.  That saddens me, but it does not take away the joy I have for what they do believe.  I rejoice in that.  I have more in common with these churches than I do most other Baptist churches today.

The churches affiliated with the Trinitarian Bible Society believe an orthodox, true position on the Trinity and about the Lord Jesus Christ.  They preach a true gospel, including repentance and Lordship.  TBS type churches utilize reverent worship.  They are active in their evangelism of the lost.  Their churches are not worldly churches.  Their preaching of scripture is dense and thorough.  They rely on scripture for their success.  I am not saying these doctrines and practices are all that matter, but they do distinguish the Trinitarian Bible Society affiliated churches.

A Movement Back to the Scriptural and Historical Belief of the Means of the Preservation of Scripture and God’s Sovereignty over His Written Words

In 2003 our church published, Thou Shalt Keep Them, a Biblical Theology of the Perfect Preservation of Scripture (if you prefer Amazon, then here).  When you might read the reviews, it reflects the good reviews.  The bad ones are because of someone who hates the position or got the kindle edition, which is not a great format of the book.  The book focuses on the crux of the issue on versions, that is, what does the Bible teach about its own preservation?

If God says He will preserve His Word, then believers will expect that to come true.  They believe what God said He would do.  God always does what He says He will do.   That issue starts and ends there.  Being a believer means believing scripture about scripture.

Our church planned to write a second book that would flesh out the practical ramifications of what God said.  It would probably add some further teaching on preservation not found in the first book.  The first one did not cover every single preservation passage, especially leaving out Isaiah 59:21 and Revelation 22:18-19.  Those two need covering too.  Also the second would likely include a chapter on the testimony of the Holy Spirit to Scripture.

To start, someone should ask, “What does the Bible teach about preservation of scripture?”  Then, “what does God promise that He will preserve?”  After that, “how does God say that He will preserve His Word?  Put in another way, “What is the means by which God said He would preserve His Word?”

Most evangelicals and fundamentalists say the Bible is silent on how it is preserved.  This matters.  It is major.  Our book, Thou Shalt Keep Them, explains the means of preservation.  God says how.   No one answered this point in Thou Shalt Keep Them.  I understand.  No critical text or multiple version person has an answer.

Our blog here gives you an index with all the articles written on the preservation of scripture and associated doctrines up until about two years ago, when I finished that index.  Besides the book we wrote, it is a one stop shop on many different facets of the issue.

Thomas Ross includes a section at faithsaves.net on the preservation of scripture.  He wrote many posts here on that doctrine too (see those with “T” next to them)He also produced a video course on the the doctrine of preservation and related doctrines.

I did not start a received text movement.  Jesus did that.  However, I have been at the forefront of a recent one.  You will see Thomas Ross and I with our own heading in a Wikipedia article, titled, “Verbal Plenary Preservation.”  Websites with our view mention our book (here, here).  Men quote the book on the subject (here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, and  here).  Oxford Handbook of the Bible quotes Thou Shalt Keep Them.

The received text movement continues to grow under the following names or titles:  Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Standard Sacred Text, and Confessional Bibliology.  I agree with these positions and the men who propagate them.  You can now find sites with reading and materials from these, such as Confessional Bibliology, Standard Sacred Text, Text and Translation, and Trinitarian Bible Society.  Jeff Riddle writes regularly on this doctrine at Stylos and makes video presentations or podcasts at his Word Magazine youtube site.  You can find articles at YoungTextlessandReformed and its podcast.  Also see textusreceptus.com.

The biblical and historical position moves forward in various evangelical denominations, including the Unaffiliated and Independent Baptists, certain Southern Baptists, Bible Churches, Free, Orthodox, and Bible Presbyterians, Reformed Baptists, and Free Churches.  I’m sure there are more.  Feel free to inform me.  England has many defenders of the scriptural and historical position on preservation, many in the fellowship of Peter Masters and Metropolitan Tabernacle.

I write, “God’s Sovereignty Over His Words,” because this represents Protestant and Baptist Confessions of Faith.  If God keeps believers in salvation, He surely can and will keep His Words.  The former proceeds from the latter.

Some new books have been written in the last few years.  I would hope to read some or all of these as soon as possible.  I’ve read the following book by Milne on kindle.  Peter Van Kleeck writes at the Standard Sacred Text website above.  I hope these men will think themselves free to refer to Thomas Ross and I by name.  We should strengthen one another on this doctrine.

2017

Has the Bible been kept pure? The Westminster Confession of Faith and the providential preservation of Scripture, by Garnet Howard Milne

2021

A Philosophical Grounding for a Standard Sacred Text: Leveraging Reformed Epistemology in the Quest for a Standard English Version of the Bible, by Peter Van Kleeck, Jr.

An Exegetical Grounding For A Standard Sacred Text: Toward the Formulation of a Systematic Theology of Providential Preservation, by Peter Van Kleeck, Sr.

2022

A Theological Grounding for a Standard Sacred Text: An Apologetic Bibliology in Favor of the Authorized Version, by Peter Van Kleeck, Sr. and Jr.

Why I Preach from the Received Text: An Anthology of Essays by Reformed Ministers

You have much to read and think about.  These resources will provide much to understand and take the biblical and historical position on the preservation of scripture against the attack by modern textual criticism.  Let us keep the momentum going for the glory of the Lord.

AUTHORS OF THE BLOG

  • Kent Brandenburg
  • Thomas Ross

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