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Relationship, pt. 5
Part One Part Two Part Three Part Four
To review, people want to be happy more than anything and they think relationship is the top reason for that. Taking this further though, when they say relationship, they don’t mean what God intended for relationship. I heard a commercial the other day, that I discovered was using an audio clip from the British rock band, Queen, a movie about which was nominated for the Academy Awards this year. Perhaps the Oscars and the usage in the commercial fed off each other. I looked up the lyrics and the refrain or chorus were the operative words, except with two preceding lines:
It ain’t much I’m asking, if you want the truth
Here’s to the future for the dreams of youth
I want it all (give it all I want it all)
I want it all (yeah)
I want it all and I want it now.
I wondered if those lyrics were intended to express irony, as if Queen were mocking millennials or the present generation, rather than admiring their point of view. “I Want It All,” I recognize as a perfect millennial anthem. Apparently band member Brian May wrote the words at the time he had left his first wife for a second, the words serving as a defense of the relationship. Lead singer, Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara), perhaps got what he wanted, but he also contracted the HIV virus, then full blown AIDS, something nobody would want, and died age 45 in 1991, two years after “I Want It All” was released.
What people want in relationship and what God designed or what scripture teaches conflict with one another. You can’t actually “have it all,” even if you want it, unless you mean that you are committed to wait for it and then inherit all things in and through Jesus Christ. That is usually not what people mean when they say, I want it all. Maybe the key is, they want it, now. They want the relationship that they want, even the one they have with God — they want that to be like they want it. Nobody gets a relationship with God by subjugating God to his desires, what he wants, but by submitting his wants to God’s wants, just like Jesus did with His Father.
Horizontal Relationship
In part four, I alluded to the identification of the “horizontal relationship.” Scripture evinces equality. In Galatians 3:28 Paul writes:
There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.
My brethren, have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with respect of persons.
Elimination of Distinctions in Relationship
Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men.
Egalitarianism neutralizes love. Love elevates God above self, truth above self, and others above self. That isn’t horizontal. Scripture itself is above men. To practice love requires submission to God. Love isn’t a fancy. It isn’t a communal experience that flows through us. It is pure. We’re not, so we must depend on God, Who is above us, to live the life of love toward others. The goal isn’t a shared feeling. It is the eternal betterment of someone else. That doesn’t occur by tolerating others and whatever they might think or do. Walking in the light isn’t just keeping it real, attempting not to be a put-on. God is light. Love is doing what God does. When we belittle God to our level with profane worship, we are not more likely to submit to Him.
Relationship of God with man hasn’t changed. God sets the terms for the relationship. Someone can conform God in His imagination to a God that accepts what he wants in a relationship with God, but that doesn’t mean it is a relationship with God. This trickles down to the relationship of people with one another too.
More to Come
Relationship, pt. 4
Relationship. You can’t live without it. You can’t live with it. Bad relationship can be torture. I don’t have to explain. Everyone reading knows. It can be great, fantastic, and enjoyable. It can be infuriating, frustrating, or sad. It can influence toward either righteousness or evil. It mainly does the latter. We need to know about relationship. We need to know what God says about it. We will be judged by God for and about relationship.
Relationship with God is priority and the basis of all human relationship. Relationship starts with God, and that relationship is also the source and model for all successful and fulfilling relationship. The desire for relationship that is inherent in every human being also turns every person into prey, using relationship as bait. People want relationship to the degree that they will pursue inordinate relationship, instead of pleasing God in it. Organizations, including churches, use relationship to pander to an audience.
To understand right relationship, everything fundamental to it can be found in the relationship between the Father and the Son in the Trinity, the Godhead. Both the Father and the Son reveal in scripture various components of their relationship with each other in a way sufficient to explain the right kind. Those characteristics of their relationship are teased out further in revelation in scripture about relationship between people. What scripture says should be the guide by which we inform and the grid by which we judge our relationship with God and with people.
The relationship with God has been called, and in an accurate and helpful way, a vertical relationship. The relationship with people has been titled, also accurate and helpful, a horizontal relationship. It is also true and edifying to consider the horizontal relationship depends on the vertical relationship. It is good then to see the association between the vertical and the horizontal.
Horizontal as a description of human relationship is a bit of a misnomer. Almost all relationship divine and human is what could be called hierarchical, so much so that one should say that relationship is hierarchical. This is also likely the most repulsive aspects of relationship to depraved humanity, and especially today. People resist authority, starting with God. Problem with most relationship is a problem with God, because relationship is hierarchical, as seen in several ways in scripture, not necessarily in this order.
One, in 1 Corinthians 11:3, the Apostle Paul writes:
But I would have you know, that the head of every man is Christ; and the head of the woman is the man; and the head of Christ is God.
This represents the most important relationships in existence: Father to Christ to man to woman. If hierarchy is in the Godhead, then it shouldn’t surprise someone that it is also crucial for humanity.
Two, the first words in God’s relationship to man are a command. When God started talking to men, He commanded man (Genesis 2:16-17):
And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
The relationship of God to man is “God commanded the man.”
Jesus, the God-man, did not treat His relationship with the Father differently than what God expects of all men. Three, more than any other gospel, John presents the relationship of Jesus with His Father, and all through the gospel of John, Jesus says He’s doing exactly what the Father wants Him to do. The purpose of Jesus was to do the will of His Father, that is what sanctified the Son, and what the Son said sanctified people as well.
John 5:19, “The Son can do nothing of himself, but what he seeth the Father do: for what things soever he doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise.”
John 5:20, “For the Father loveth the Son, and sheweth him all things that himself doeth.”
John 5:30, “I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent me.”
John 5:36, “for the works which the Father hath given me to finish, the same works that I do.”
John 8:28, “I do nothing of myself; but as my Father hath taught me, I speak these things.”
John 8:29, “And he that sent me is with me: the Father hath not left me alone; for I do always those things that please him.”
John 8:49, ” I honour my Father.”
John 10:18, “This commandment have I received of my Father.”
There is much more. I often asked and still ask my own son, “Is there anything that I’m telling you to do as a son that either is not in the Word of God, or is against the Word of God?” I’ve never heard, no, to that question. Sons still often think that what the father says is optional or even harmful to them, albeit scriptural. Relationship between the Father and the Son in the Trinity is hierarchical, and that is the model relationship. Someone may say, “Well, the Father loves the Son, so it is easy for the Son.” Here’s what the Son says (John 10:15-17):
As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep. . . . Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again.
I know many people who want “good relationships” and by that, they mean people treating them well. The same people often have a problem with authority. They don’t like hierarchy and don’t do well with it. The problem, again and again, “are the people in charge” (their assessment). This parallels the big issue for unbelievers. 2 Peter 2-3 speaks of the typical apostate “speaking evil of dignities.” They don’t like having a boss and classically they nit-pick those above them. They “walk after their own lust” and scoff at what clashes with their will. They don’t deny themselves, aren’t thankful, and worship and serve the creature rather than the Creator. All of this will sabotage relationship.
More to Come
Refreshing Honesty from “Desiring God” on Men Acting Effeminate
I want to keep up my series on Relationship, having finished part one, and I will, but when I saw this article and then read it, I knew I had to write this instead. I will be coming back to finish the Relationship series, Lord-willing, however. I don’t know how many parts it will be, but it could be many.
Apostasy is a real and ongoing threat to Christianity. It has never stopped since sin entered the Garden of Eden. When true believers dwindled to eight out of about eight billion before the Genesis flood, that process took over a thousand years. Churches don’t jump straight to apostasy either. However, it can happen quickly. When Jesus wrote to the church at Laodicia in Revelation 3, it had run its entire course in the space of about 40 years, start to finish.
What often occurs did in Corinth with church members’ denial of the bodily resurrection. Corinthian culture declared all flesh evil and bodily resurrection didn’t conform. Due to pressure of various sorts, the church at Corinth straddled mythology with the actual resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Churches see their own beliefs and practices as a threat to their existence. The world opposes and they negotiate a truce by conceding some of what they believe, convinced that it isn’t important enough to preserve. They relegate biblical teaching that clashes with the world to a secondary matter.
How is apostasy stopped? Someone like Paul mediates, as he did in 1 Corinthians 15, confronting the problem. He also revealed the cause of deceit, which were relationships that exposed them to wrong thinking (cf. 1 Cor 15:33). Likewise, in the six earlier letters to the other churches in Revelation 2-3, Jesus admonished and warned them to repent or face negative consequences.
In the slide toward apostasy, the beliefs and practices that clash most with the world depart first, which of necessity requires a dismissal of biblical authority. God is One. His truth is one. The surrender of any part at least anticipates a total abandonment. A path of deviation reaches a tipping point, one that seems like a place of no return, where Christianity might not be Christianity anymore.
On February 5, Greg Morse published an article for Desiring God, the organization of leading evangelical John Piper, entitled, “Play the Man You Are: Will Effeminacy Keep Anyone from Heaven?” If someone believes the Bible, knows 1 Corinthians 6:9-10, and so cares about the eternal soul of a professing Christian man who exhibits effeminate traits or characteristics, he can’t let this one go. What Morse has written, represented by the following tweet on the Desiring God twitter address, follows very close to scripture on a cultural issue.
If we are faithful to the word of God, we will call men away from the sin of brutality. We will also call them away from the sin of effeminacy. https://t.co/F7h33PBRuv— Desiring God (@desiringGod) February 5, 2019
Men should rejoice in what he’s done, his explanation and application of scripture. I want more of this in evangelicalism and fundamentalism.
What Morse wrote, I don’t know of any fundamentalists right now who would write it. I haven’t read it anywhere, except here on my blog in a two part series December of 2017 (part one, part two). Please reread those two posts and compare them with what Morse writes. Very few joined in my concern. Churches are full of effeminate men and they are doing next to nothing about it. Leaders are afraid, which will result in more and more effeminate men in churches.
What’s At Stake?
Morse writes:
We need not concern ourselves with separating one’s “gender expression” from his biological sex. We need not tell men they must dress a certain way and not another (Deuteronomy 22:5) or call them to “act like men” (1 Corinthians 16:13) — no such thing exists. I believe this all to be gravely mistaken.
As unclear as the distinctions may feel in any given culture, the word of God is surprisingly plain: those who gladly, consistently indulge in effeminacy as a lifestyle are in eternal danger (1 Corinthians 6:9, as we’ll see below). Love will dive headlong into all the sinful aspects of manhood to kill whatever sin Satan has tucked under the veils of cultural acceptance.
In the first paragraph, Morse is doing what Paul calls, speaking as a fool, that is, representing how the other side, the foolish side, thinks or expresses itself. He justifies his article, that church leaders should be concerning themselves with gender expression, even as Deuteronomy 22:5 teaches distinguishes male dress from female, to which he will refer later in the post. If Paul calls on men to act like men, then there must be a way that men act. Moses concerned himself and Paul concerned himself, so Morse does too.
Then, just because the culture makes distinctions unclear (and I would add evangelicalism and fundamentalism) doesn’t mean they’re not. As Morse says, 1 Corinthians 6:9 says the distinctions are clear enough — they would have to be — that an effeminate man would not inherit the kingdom of God. Because of the culture and then concerns of church growth, the attraction of attendees and continued popularity in the world, churches and their leaders would prefer risking someone’s eternal soul than causing waves.
How Satan Covers Sins
Morse writes:
Satan tries to obscure sins by rendering them nearly impossible to define. He smuggles effeminacy into the church by forbidding any specific definition. In the ancient world, effeminacy entailed a moral frailty (acting cowardly or “womanish” in battle), inordinate love for luxury (rendering men delicate and tender), and the sexual deviancy of acting like a woman in one’s demeanor, speech, and gesture. The Bible addresses each, describing men who “become women” on the battlefield (Jeremiah 50:37; Nahum 3:13), go “soft” due to luxury (Matthew 11:7–8), and become sexually deviant (1 Corinthians 6:9). The term effeminacy is not an attack on femininity itself — which is a woman’s glory — but rather on femininity when attached to a male.
What Morse decries here, Satan covering sins, is a norm for evangelicalism, including Desiring God. It’s good he’s talking about it, but he’s pointing out something that I would hope he notices is right where he lives. Obeying scripture always requires a second term. Scripture doesn’t define these terms. The second term comes in a logical syllogism like the following:
Major Premise: The effeminate man shall not inherit the kingdom of God.
Minor Premise: The effeminate man is a man who acts womanish.
Conclusion: Therefore, a man who acts womanish shall not inherit the kingdom of God.
It assumes we can know, what I have called, “truth in the real world.” If someone can’t do this with scripture, then most of scripture means nothing. This is an attack on the meaning of scripture, an attack on the application of scripture, and an attack on the truth itself. In everyone of those, it is an attack on the Word of God, and, therefore, an attack on God. It is common in evangelicalism as another attack on the grace of God, a cheap grace that is used as an occasion of the flesh.
In the next paragraph, Morse gives effeminate traits of men and describes a way that people will condone those traits — excusing each individual trait as not being enough to make a man effeminate. It is essentially defending effeminate traits or explaining them away. By doing so, Morse rightly observes, no one can even judge whether a man is effeminate or not, which just can’t be the case.
I can’t rewrite what Morse wrote. Just read it. He provides these as effeminate traits in our culture and being effeminate is cultural. Cultures are required to create those differences. Godly cultures will. Effeminate characteristics he gives are (each of these picked out of his words):
acting cowardly or “womanish” in battle
inordinate love for luxury
acting like a woman in one’s demeanor, speech, and gesture
lispy sentences, light gestures, soft mannerisms, and flamboyant jokes
American culture associates pink with women, as it does dresses
to walk down the street holding hands with another man
a man wears long hair it is a disgrace for him
peak flamboyantly, gesture lightly, or wear lipstick
The Gay Vibe
Morse writes:
On a recent family vacation to Orlando, I witnessed men blatantly, boldly, proudly play the woman in public. What did I observe? They did not commit any sexual acts before me. What I observed was not homosexuality but effeminacy. They were effeminate, sending out what Doug Wilson calls “the gay vibe.” They were living out of step with their nature, and out of step with our cultural expressions of maleness, and denying in their behavior their God-assigned manhood.
A part of the problem here, as I’ve witnessed it, is that Christians make playing the woman no issue today, as if it can’t really be done anymore, when men know it is done. We should not be giving this behavior a pass — those who exhibit effeminate qualities.
Sex Governs ‘Gender Expression’
In the midst of this section, Morse comes back to Deuteronomy 22:5, something we just don’t hear today from either evangelicals or fundamentalists, but it is true:
From the beginning, God clearly wed sex and sex-expression. Under Moses, Deuteronomy 22:5 expresses a timeless prohibition that stood true long before the old covenant and long after the coming of the new covenant: “A woman shall not wear a man’s garment, nor shall a man put on a woman’s cloak, for whoever does these things is an abomination to the Lord your God.” God means, in the strongest terms, for men to dress as men, and represent themselves as men, because he desires no observable confusion between the sex he gave and our expression of it.
For women to put on a male garment there has to be one designated and for men to put on a female garment, there must be one. Earlier, Morse said men don’t wear dresses. It is true. Of course, all readers here know that women don’t wear pants either.
Rearranging the Deck Chairs: Negotiating or Managing the Demise of Evangelicalism
“Rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic,” which describes futile activity in the face of impending catastrophe, first appeared in print in 1969 in Time Magazine and with reference to reforms in Roman Catholicism. Its origination is appropriate for the parallel with the present sinking of evangelicalism. An equivalent metaphor might be a spy keeping a handy cyanide capsule. I was reminded of this condition of evangelicalism when reading the latest 9Marks Journal, Feburary 2019 edition, titled, Ecclesiology for Calvinists (pdf edition).
I like the nine marks of 9Marks. In 2008 I wrote the article, Missing the Mark: 9 Marks Aren’t Enough, at the Jackhammer Blog. I extol the original nine that Mark Dever listed. All things considered, I would have enjoyed the Nearer My God to Thee played by the string ensemble in the face of approaching doom. I wish the most recent edition of the 9Marks Journal signaled repentance and change, a return to biblical belief and practice.
Jonathan Leeman, the editorial director for 9Marks, gives introduction with two big concerns I also share with him: revivalism and pragmatism. I’m right with him in his explanation, so much so that my jaw was dropping. Momentarily my hopes were buoyed, but as I continued to read, I could hear the sickening creaking of the ship and the chill in the air.
With few exceptions, the first article was an excellent one by Michael Lawrence, entitled, “Hey Calvinist, Enough of Your Revivalism,” and it started with the question, “How do you grow your church?” So much was good. He even names names throughout, which could have an effect of separating himself from those he identifies. The following quotes are a good sampling:
In other words, it’s the fruit of the Spirit, not enthusiasm or momentum, that demonstrates God is at work.
The tools of modernity produce the culture of modernity, not the kingdom of God. As survey after survey revealed, our growing churches were not filled with the results of Spirit-wrought revival, genuine converts characterized by the fruit of the Spirit, but were filled instead with the results of modern revivalism, religious consumers characterized by the spirit of the age.
Contemporary Christian music emerged from the culture of modernity. Of what was wrong, displaying a contradictory lack of understanding to what was just written, he wrote in the last paragraph: “There’s nothing wrong with having culturally appropriate music,” conflicting with this line earlier in his piece.
From the camp meetings, altar calls, and anxious bench of the Second Great Awakening, to the marriage of emotionally powerful preaching and singing in the ministry of Dwight Moody and Ira Sankey, to the stirring rallies of Billy Graham, the style of revivalism has shifted to match the changing culture.
“Culturally appropriate music” is ‘worship’ that “has shifted to match the changing culture.” It wasn’t appropriate for godly, premodern reasons, and not now. Finney pandered using music. Worship should conform to God, just like everything else in the church. The disconnect baffles me about as much as how good the rest of the article is.
Despite the inconsistencies and a desire for underlying exegesis, Michael Lawrence was refreshing for someone in the Conservative Baptist denomination on the West Coast. I don’t read this much from evangelicals. I’m not sure the 9Marks crowd sees the ship sinking. When they should be manning the life rafts, their eschatology, what they consider a second or third tier doctrine, gives them false hope.
Evangelicals fail to see the pragmatism of managed or negotiated evacuation. Collin Hansen, who in 2018 authored the landmark book, Young Restless and Reformed, wrote in “Still Young, Restless, and Reformed? The New Calvinists at 10”:
Mohler’s [Albert Mohler, president of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary] teaching on theological triage helped YRR pastors avoid some mistakes of previous generations. Men like Graham and Henry were not primarily known as local church figures. There are some uses for mere Christianity, or lowest-common-denominator evangelicalism. But it led to confusion and the neglect of the local church and denominations that had succumbed to liberalism.
Mohler’s triage distinguishes between first-, second-, and third-order issues so that we will learn how seriously we should regard disagreement. By contrast, lowest-common-denominator evangelicalism offered meager resistance to assaults on the character of God such as open theism and universalism. This triage helped sound the alarm bells of such first-order threats as Rob Bell’s Love Wins, published in 2011.
At the same time, triage also helped the YRR avoid the belligerency and isolation of fundamentalism. Second-order doctrines such as baptism, the Lord’s Supper, charismatic gifts, and polity are still vitally important, even if we don’t agree on every conclusion. Triage helped us identify serious flaws in each other without condemning our friends and historical heroes to hell. Otherwise, the YRR would be cut off from much of Christian history and the global church in a kind of untenable Donatist purity. Finally, theological triage sidelined in the YRR certain issues that had formerly divided churches, such as questions surrounding the rapture and millennium. That’s where being connected to history helped. Not everything that seemed so important in late-19th and early 20th centuries is a hill to die on today or going forward.
But triage doesn’t solve all our problems. And now, we’re seeing major disagreements in and among YRR, even within the same churches. Evangelicalism may not survive this transition.
Theological triage itself is pragmatism. Scripture doesn’t teach it. It is rearranging the deck chairs, which Hansen himself concludes in the end, saying, “Evangelicalism may not survive this transition.” If scripture teaches separation from false doctrine, it’s pragmatic not to separate to avoid either condemning historical heroes to hell or Donatist purity. Donatist purity was the cure for what Hansen would see as first order heresies.
Both evangelicalism and fundamentalism are belligerent. I don’t seen any difference between the two. Isolation is a caricature of the doctrine of separation. It’s a term neo-conservatives use to smear nationalist foreign diplomacy. Biblical separation isn’t isolation. It is true unity. It fellowships based on the truth, not by cutting the living child in two, something Solomon never planned to happen.
I can be happy that evangelicals know something is wrong. That is evident in this 9Marks edition of their journal. Some of the teaching in it is very good. To save the ship, much more is needed. Even to save what they call first order doctrines, they will need to separate, what Hansen calls “isolation” as a preventative for plugging the gaping hole.
Hansen’s book was of such impact that several articles and other books proceeded from it (here and here, among others). He coined both “young, restless, and reformed” and “new Calvinist.” In 2009 Peter Masters, pastor of Metropolitan Tabernacle in London, wrote a scathing criticism of the new movement, entitled, “New Calvinism – The Merger of Calvinism with Worldliness.” New Calvinism is another iceberg that will sink evangelicalism even faster.
To preserve organizations like 9Marks, doctrinal and practical triage is necessary. To preserve the truth and the church, separation is necessary. You won’t save them by just rearranging the deck chairs.
Dever and Leeman discuss this edition of their journal here. You can listen to a podcast on it. Take out Calvinism in this instance and think instead “the Bible” or God-centered thinking and it is very good. They are not being totally honest in my opinion, but they are so deluded in many ways, they might not be able to hear. I wish they could. It’s interesting that Dever mentions Spurgeon’s church as an example of what they’re talking about. You wonder if they might consider where Peter Masters is right now in that actual place.
Bart D. Ehrman’s Did Jesus Exist? Useful Quotes for Christians, part 2 of 4
terrific example of an exaggerated set of mythicist claims comes in a classic
in the field, the 1875 book of Kersey Graves, The World’s Sixteen Crucified Saviors:
Christianity Before Christ. . . . Graves . . . sets out . . .
fantastic (not to say fantastical) parallels [to Christ from] . . . thirty-five
such [allegedly divine] figures, naming them as Chrisna of Hindostan, Budha Sakia
of India, Baal of Phenicia, Thammuz of Syria, Mithra of Persia, Cadmus of
Greece, Mohamud of Arabia, and son on. Already
the modern, informed reader sees that there are going to be problems. Buddha, Cadmus, and Muhammed? Their lives were remarkably like that of
Jesus, down to the details? . . . Possibly the most striking thing about all of
these [allegedly] amazing parallels to the Christian claims about Jesus is the equally
amazing fact that Graves provides not a single piece of documentation for any
of them. They are all asserted, on his
own authority. If a reader wants to look
up the stories about Buddha or Mithra or Cadmus, there is no place to
turn. Graves does not name the sources
of his information. . . . Even so, these are the kinds of claims one can find
throughout the writings of the mythicists, even those writing today, 140 years
later. And as with Graves, in almost
every instance the claims are unsubstantiated.[1]
of the staunchest defenders of a mythicist view of Christ, Earl Doherty,
maintains that the apostle Paul thinks that Jesus was crucified, not here on
earth by the Romans, but in the spiritual realm by demonic powers. . . . He
quotes professional scholars at length when their views prove useful for
developing aspects of his argument, but he fails to point out that not a single
one of these scholars agrees with his overarching thesis. The idea that Jesus was crucified in the
spiritual realm is not a view set forth by Paul. It is a view invented by Doherty. . . . In
the first edition of Doherty’s book, he claimed that it was in this higher
realm that the key divine events of the [pagan] mysteries transpired[.] . . . In
his second edition he admits that in fact we do not know if that is true and
that we do not have any reflections on such things by any of the cult devotees
themselves since we don’t have a single writing from any of the adherents of
the ancient mystery cults. . . . Doherty refuses to allow that 1
Thessalonians—which explicitly says that the Jews (or the Judeans) were the
ones responsible for the death of Jesus—can be used as evidence of Paul’s view.
. . . What evidence does Doherty cite to show that mystery religions were at
heart Platonic? Precisely none. . . . Among
all our archaeological findings, there is none that suggests that pagan mystery
cults exerted any influence on Aramaic-speaking rural Palestinian Judaism in
the 20s and 30s of the first century. And
this is the milieu out of which faith in Jesus the crucified messiah, as
persecuted and then embraced by Paul, emerged. . . . These mystery cults are
never mentioned by Paul or by any other Christian author of the first hundred
years of the church. There is not a
stitch of evidence to suggest that mystery cults played any role whatever in
the views of the Pharisees, or, for that matter, in the views of any Jewish group
of the first century: the Sadducees, the
Essenes . . . the revolutionaries who wanted to overthrow the Romans, the
apocalyptic prophets like John the Baptist (and their followers), or the common
people. . . . [T]here is not a shred of evidence to suggest that these cults played
the least role in the development of early views of Jesus. Rather we have plenty of reasons, based on
our early Jewish sources, that just the opposite was the case.
single early Christian source supports Doherty’s claim that Paul and those
before him thought of Jesus as a spiritual, not a human, being who was executed
in the spiritual, not the human, sphere.[2]
[docetic] opponents of Ignatius were not ancient equivalents of our modern-day
mythicists. They certainly did not
believe that Jesus had ben made up or invented based on the dying and rising
gods supposedly worshipped by pagans.
For them, Jesus had a real, historical existence. He lived in this world
and delivered inspired teachings. But he
was God on earth, not made of the same flesh as the rest of us.[3]
canonical gospels and the other New Testament books:
was everywhere accepted as canonical; in fact, every surviving Christian
document that refers to it accepts its canonicity. . . . The original version
of Mark . . . is completely unambiguous that Jesus has been raised from the
dead. See, for example, Mark 16:6 . . . [V]irtually everyone who mentions . . .
1 and 2 Timothy and Titus . . . accepts them as canonical, including Eusebius,
who quotes them repeatedly in his writings.[4]
about Jesus Christ was copied from Mithraism:
evidence . . . [is there] that the Mithraists moved their religion to Palestine
to help them find the king of the Jews?
None at all. And so we might ask:
what evidence could . . . have [been cited?] . . . It’s the same
answer. There is no evidence. This is made up. . . . Mithraists left no
books behind to explain what they did in their religion and what they believed.
. . . [W]ed do not have Mithraic texts that explain it all to us, let alone
texts that indicate that Mithras was born of a virgin on December 25 and that
he died to atone for sins only to be raised on a Sunday.[5]
Christianity and pagan mystery religions:
sources who claim that there were similarities between their own religion and
the mystery religions . . . were often simply speculating. . . . These later
authors, such as the church father Tertullian, started making such claims for
very specific reasons. It was not that
they had done research and interviewed followers of these religions. It was because they wanted pagans to realize
that Christianity was not all that different from what other pagans said and
did in their religions so that there would be no grounds for singling out
Christians and persecuting them. The
Christian sources that claim to know something about these mysteries, in other
words, had a vested interest in making others think that the pagan religions
were in many ways like Christianity. For
that reason—plus the fact that they would not have had reliable sources of
information—they generally cannot be trusted.
these later sources say at face value and stress the obvious: Christian claims about Jesus were a lot like those
of other cult figures, down to the details.
But they have derived the details from sources that—in the judgment of
scholars who are actually experts in this material—simply cannot be relied
upon.[6]
Testament narratives are invalid:
many instances, the alleged parallels between the stories of Jesus and those of
pagan gods or divine men are not actually close. When Christians said that Jesus was born of a
virgin, for instance, they came to mean that Jesus’s mother had never had
sex. In most of the cases of the divine
men, when the father is a god and the mother is a mortal, sex is definitely
involved. The child is literally part
human and part deity. The mortal woman
is no virgin; she has had divine sex.
simply made up. Where do any of the
ancient sources speak of a divine man who was crucified as an atonement for
sin? So far as I know, there are no parallels
to this central Christian claim. What
has been invented here is not the Christian Jesus but the mythicist claims
about Jesus . . . Christian claims about Jesus’s atoning sacrifice were not
lifted from pagan claims about divine men.
Dying to atone for sin was not part of the ancient mythology. Mythicists who claim that it was are simply
imagining things. . . . [P]arallels are not as close and as precise as most
mythicists claim. Nowhere near as close.[7]
simply is not true that all the stories in the Gospels, and all the details of
the stories, promote the mythological interests of the early Christians. The claim that Jesus had brothers named
James, Joses, Judas, and Simon, along with several sisters, is scarcely a
mythological motif; neither is the statement that he came from the tiny hamlet of
Nazareth or that he often talked about seeds.[8]
parallel to the narratives about Jesus Christ:
are serious doubts about whether there were in fact dying-rising gods in the
pagan world, and if there were, whether they were anything like the
dying-rising Jesus. . . . Even though most mythicists do not appear to know it,
the . . . view that dying-rising gods were widespread in pagan antiquity has
fallen on hard times among scholars. . . . [S]uch views about pagan gods . . .
met with devastating critique near the end of the twentieth century. There are, to be sure, scholars here or there
who continue to think that there is some evidence of dying and rising gods. But even these scholars, who appear to be in
the minority, do not think that the category is of any relevance for understanding
the traditions about Jesus. . . . [T]he
vocabulary of resurrection (that is, of a dead person being revived to live
again) is used in only one known case:
Melqart (or Hercules). . . . [N]ot . . . a shred of evidence . . . [has
been] provided[ed] . . . that . . . pagan dying and rising gods . . . were
known in Palestine around the time of the New Testament[.] . . . Can anyone cite
a single source of any kind that clearly indicates that people in rural
Palestine, say, in the days of Peter and James, worshipped a pagan god who died
and rose again? You can trust me, if
there was a source like that, it
would be talked about by everyone interested in early Christianity. It doesn’t exist. . . . [E]ven [the minority
of modern scholars who think there is some ambiguous evidence for dying and
rising pagan gods] d[o] not think that . . . [such] sparse findings are
pertinent to the early Christian claims about Jesus as one who died and rose
again. The ancient Near Eastern figures
[that might be pagan gods who might have been dying and rising] were closely connected with the seasonal
cycle and occurred year in and year out.
Jesus’s death and resurrection, by contrast, were considered a onetime
event. Moreover . . . Jesus’s death was
seen as being a vicarious atonement for sins.
Nothing like that occurs in the case of the ancient Near Eastern
deities.
Even if—a very big if—there was an idea among some pre-Christian peoples of a god who
died and arose, there is nothing like the Christian belief in Jesus’s
resurrection. . . . [T]he pagan gods . . . [are] not really what the early
teachings about Jesus were all about. It
was not simply that his corpse was restored to the living. It is that he experienced a resurrection . .
. [within the] worldview that scholars have labeled Jewish apocalypticism. . .
. That’s not the same thing. . . . The idea of Jesus’s resurrection did not
derive from pagan notions of a god simply being reanimated. It derived from Jewish notions of
resurrection as an eschatological event in which God would reassert his control
over the world. . . . [Even the minority of scholars who believe that there is
some evidence for dying and rising gods connected to the cycles of nature
recognize:] “There is . . . no prima
facie evidence that the death and resurrection of Jesus is a mythological
construct, drawing on the myths and rites of the dying and rising gods of the
surrounding world.”
is the view that there is scarcely any—or in fact virtually no—evidence that
such gods were worshipped at all. . . . [T]he influential Encyclopedia of Religion, originally edited by Mircea Eliade . . .
state[s] categorically:
category of dying and rising gods . . . must be understood to have been largely
a misnomer based on imaginative reconstructions and exceedingly late or highly
ambiguous texts. . . . All the deities that have been identified as belonging
to the class of dying and rising deities can be subsumed under the two larger
classes of disappearing deities or dying deities. In the first case the deities return but have
not died; in the second class the gods die but do not return. There is no unambiguous instance in the
history of religions of a dying and rising deity. [Jonathan Z. Smith, “Dying
and Rising Gods,” Encyclopedia of
Religion, 2nd ed., Lindsay Jones (Detroit: MacMillan, 2005), 4:2535-40] . . .
example,] Adonis definitely dies. But there is nothing to suggest that he was
raised from the dead. It is only in
later texts, long after Ovid and after the rise of Christianity, that one finds
any suggestion that Adonis came back to life after his death . . . this later
form of the tradition may in fact have been influenced by Christianity and its
claim that a human had been raised from the dead. In other words, the Adonis myth did not
influence Christian views of Jesus but rather the other way around. Yet even here . . . there is no evidence
anywhere of some kind of mystery cult where Adonis was worshipped as a
dying-rising god or in which worshippers were identified with him and his fate
of death and resurrection, as happens, of course, in Christian religions built
on Jesus.
commonly cited by mythicists as a pagan parallel to Jesus. Osiris was an Egyptian god about whom a good
deal was written in the ancient world. We
have texts discussing Osiris that span a thousand years. . . . According to the
myths, Osiris was murdered and his body was dismembered and scattered. But his wife, Isis, went on a search to
recover and reassemble them, leading to Osiris’s rejuvenation. The key point to stress, however, is that
Osiris does not—decidedly does not—return to life. Instead he becomes the powerful ruler of the
dead in the underworld. And so for
Osiris there is no rising from the dead. . . . [T]he entire tradition about
Osiris may derive from the processes of mummification in Egypt, were bodies
were prepared for ongoing life in the realm of the dead (not as resuscitated
corpses here on earth). . . . In no sense can the dramatic myth of [Osiris’s]
death and reanimation be harmonized to the pattern of dying and rising gods[.]
. . . The same can be said . . . of all the other divine beings often pointed
to as pagan forerunners of Jesus. Some
die but don’t return; some disappear without dying and do return; but none of
them die and return. . . . [W]hen [the] theory about dying and rising gods [was
formulated, it] . . . was heavily influenced by [an] understanding of
Christianity and Christian claims about Christ.
But when one looks at the actual data about the pagan deities, without
the lenses provided by later Christian views, there is nothing to make one
consider them as gods who die and rise again. . . . [S]uch views are deeply
problematical for Osiris, Dumuzi, Melqart, Heracles, Adonis, and Baal. . . . .
[T]he methodological problem that afflicted [the person who popularized the
idea that there were pagan dying and rising gods] was that he took data about
various divine beings, spanning more than a millennium, from a wide range of cultures,
and smashed all the data all together into a synthesis that never existed. This would be like taking the views of Jesus
from a French monk of the twelfth century, a Calvinist of the seventeenth
century, a Mormon of the late nineteenth century, and a Pentecostal preacher of
today, combining them all together into one overall picture and saying, “That’s
who Jesus was understood to be.” We
would never do that with Jesus. Why
should we do it with Osiris, Heracles, or Baal? Moreover . . . a good deal of
our information about these other gods comes from sources that date from a
period after the rise of
Christianity, writers who were themselves influenced by Christian views of
Jesus and [w]ho often received their information second-hand[.] In other words, they probably do not tell us
what pagans themselves, before Christianity, were saying about the gods they
worshipped.
there is no unambiguous evidence that any pagans prior to Christianity believed
in dying and rising gods, let alone that it was a widespread view held by lots
of pagans in lots of times and places.
[E]vidence for such gods is at best sparse, scattered, and ambiguous,
not abundant, ubiquitous, and clear. If
there were any such beliefs about dying and rising gods, they were clearly not
widespread and available for all to see.
Such gods were definitely not widely known and widely discussed among
religious people of antiquity, as is obvious from the fact that they are not
clearly discussed in any of our sources.
On this everyone should be able to agree. Even more important, there is no evidence
that such gods were known or worshipped in rural Palestine, or even in
Jerusalem, in the 20s CE. Anyone who
thinks that Jesus was modeled on such deities needs to cite some evidence—any
evidence at all—that Jews in Palestine at the alleged time of Jesus’s life were
influenced by anyone who held such views.
One reason that scholars do not think that Jesus was invented as one of
these deities is precisely that we have no evidence that any of his followers
knew of such deities in the time and place where Jesus was allegedly
invented. Moreover . . . the differences
between the dying and rising gods (which . . . [may be] reconstructed on slim
evidence [in the view of the minority that advocate “slim” rather than “none”
for the evidence]) and Jesus show that Jesus was not modeled on them, even if
such gods were talked about during Jesus’s time. . . .
Jewish version of the pagan dying and rising god. There are very serious doubts over whether
any pagans believed in such gods. Few
scholars wonder if Jews believed in them, however. There is no evidence to locate such beliefs
among Palestinian Jews of the first century.[9]
D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? The
Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2012) 210-212.
D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? The
Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2012) 252-257.
D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? The
Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2012) 102.
D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? The
Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2012) 29.
D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? The
Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2012) 213.
D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? The
Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2012) 214.
D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? The
Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2012) 214-215.
D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? The
Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2012) 217.
D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? The
Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2012) 222-230, 240.
WHAT IS TRUTH, INDEX BY SPECIFIC TOPIC: BAPTISTS AND CHURCH
(J) for Jackhammer article [all of my articles from Aug 2006 to Feb 2011]
(T) for Thomas Ross article
Baptist History
Church: Authority
Church: Autonomy
Church: Discipline
Church: Faithfulness
Church: Growth
Church: History and Historic Teaching
Church: Local
Church: Membership
Church: Ordinances (Baptism and the Lord’s Supper)
Church: Pastor
Church: Planting
Church: Sufficiency of the Church
Church: Universal (see Church: Local)
WHAT IS TRUTH, INDEX BY SPECIFIC TOPIC: EVANGELISM AND PREACHING
(J) for Jackhammer article [all of my articles from Aug 2006 to Feb 2011]
(T) for Thomas Ross article
WHAT IS TRUTH, INDEX BY SPECIFIC TOPIC: EVANGELICALISM AND FUNDAMENTALISM
(J) for Jackhammer article [all of my articles from Aug 2006 to Feb 2011]
(T) for Thomas Ross article
WHAT IS TRUTH, INDEX BY SPECIFIC TOPIC: CERTAINTY, CULTURE, EPISTEMOLOGY, MEANING, TRUTH, WORLDVIEW
(J) for Jackhammer article [all of my articles from Aug 2006 to Feb 2011]
(T) for Thomas Ross article
Meaning
WHAT IS TRUTH, SCRIPTURE INDEX, GENESIS to REVELATION (In Order)
(J) for Jackhammer article [all of my articles from Aug 2006 to Feb 2011]
(T) for Thomas Ross article
Separation Is An Indispensable Message You Should Pick Up from the Whole Bible, But Let’s Start with Genesis
Leviticus
Embarrassment: Leviticus 18, NY Times, and Albert Mohler
Deuteronomy
Divorce, Deuteronomy 24:1-4, Remarriage, and New Testament teaching (T)
What I’ve Preached on Deuteronomy 24 (T)
1 Chronicles
Worship and the Ark Narrative in 1 Chronicles, pt. 1
Worship and the Ark Narrative in 1 Chronicles, pt. 2
Worship and the Ark Narrative in 1 Chronicles, pt. 3
Worship and the Ark Narrative in 1 Chronicles, pt. 4
Worship and the Ark Narrative of 1 Chronicles, pt. 5
Psalms
Gender Discord and Psalm 12:6-7
Psalm 12:6–7 and Gender Discordance: the anti-KJV and anti-preservation argument debunked (again) (T)
Psalm 12:6-7 Commentaries and the Preservation of Words (T)
Missions Exists Because Worship of God Doesn’t: Psalm 96
Psalm 46:10
Psalm 119, The Hate Psalm, and the Practice of Contemporary Christianity
A Meditation upon Psalm 119:148: “My hands also will I lift up unto thy commandments, which I have loved; and I will meditate in thy statutes.” (T)
Proverbs
Proverbs 22:6 — Children of Obedient Parents Turning Out for God–Certainty or Mere Possibility? Part 1 (T)
Proverbs 22:6 — Children of Obedient Parents Turning Out for God–Certainty or Mere Possibility? Part 2 (T)
Proverbs 22:6 and Adoption, part 1 of 2 (T)
Proverbs 22:6 and Adoption, part 2 of 2 (T)
One Stop Shop on Prov 23:31 and “When It Is Red”
Isaiah
Isaiah 59:21 and the Perfect Preservation of Scripture (J)
The Mission of the Messiah’s Grace: A New Order of Living, Isaiah 42:1-4
Lamentations
Not God’s Problem: The Bible Does Answer the Question of Suffering in Lamentations
Daniel
Daniel 3:25: “the Son of God” or “a son of the gods”? (T)
Proof that the Bible is the Word of God from the Book of Daniel (T)
Matthew
The Devil in the Details? Matthew 5:18, 19 and the Authority of Scripture
The Devil in the Details? Matthew 5:18, 19 and the Authority of Scripture, part two
30, 60, 100: Can We Conclude That More Fruit Was Caused by the One Receiving the Seed?
A Meditation upon Matthew 25:21, 23: “His lord said unto him, Well done, thou good and faithful servant: thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. . . . His lord said unto him, Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord.” (T)
Mark
Mark 7:4-5: Mark 7:4 & the “washing [baptidzo] . . . of tables:” Baptism is still Immersion in the Baptizing of Tables or Dining Couches (T)
Mark 7:4-5: Mark 7:4 & the “washing [baptidzo] . . . of tables:” Baptism is still Immersion in the Baptizing of Tables or Dining Couches, part 2 (T)
Mark 7:7, Corban: Rearing Its Ugly Head Again in Evangelicalism and Fundamentalism About Mark
Mark 7:13: The Pharisees to the Left: Little Faith, Weak Minds, Poor Arguments, But With a Loud Fanfare
Mark 11: Jesus Said, Have Faith in God
Mark 13:32: the Son’s Glorious Ignorance of the Day and Hour
Luke
The Ignorance of a Luke 10 Approach (J)
Luke 14:15-24: What It Means (part one)
Luke 14:15-24: What It Means (part two)
Luke 15: Why Doesn’t Tim Keller Include the Younger Son?
Luke 18:18-30: The Rich Young Ruler: Tell-Tale Passage for Soteriology, Number One
Luke 18:18-30: The Rich Young Ruler: Tell-Tale Passage for Soteriology, Number Two
Luke 18:18-30: The Rich Young Ruler: Tell-Tale Passage for Soteriology, Number Three
Luke 23:43: Where Does the Comma Go? Was the Thief in Paradise That Day? “Verily, I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise,” as in the KJV, or “Verily I say unto thee to day, Thou shalt be with me in paradise,” as the Watchtower Society, Seventh Day Adventism, and other annihilationists teach? (T)
John
John 6: Church Growth Methods and Other Sins
John 6: Church Growth Methods and Other Sins, pt. 2
The Truth Shall Make You Free, pt. 1 (John 8:32)
The Truth Shall Make You Free, pt. 2 (John 8:32)
John 10:35, the Scripture Cannot Be Broken, and Perfect Preservation of Scripture
John 12:24-25: The Corn / Grain of Wheat Dying in the Ground: A Second Blessing? (T)
“Abide in Me,” John 15:1-8: Saved or Unsaved, Not Christian or Better Christian
Abiding in Christ: What Does it Mean? part 5 of 9, Old Testament Background to the Vine Image of John 15 (T)
Abiding in Christ: What Does it Mean? part 6 of 9: Exposition of John 15:1-3 (T)
Abiding in Christ: What Does it Mean? part 7 of 9: Exposition of John 15:4-5 (T)
Abiding in Christ: What Does it Mean? part 8 of 9: Exposition of John 15:6-11 (T)
What Is the Guidance of the Holy Spirit in John 16:13?
Acts
Acts 2:38–Baptism Essential to Salvation? (T)
Acts 11:26: All Christians are Disciples (T)
Acts 22:16–Baptism Essential for Salvation? (T)
Exploring Unacceptable Degrees of Normativeness of the Book of Acts
1 Corinthians
1 Corinthians 1:19-22: Wisdom and Signs: Two Characteristics Rampant in Churches
1 Corinthians 2:7: Don’t Fix Stupid: Stupid Doesn’t Need Fixing
1 Corinthians 6:1-4 — God’s Evaluation of the Judgment of an Individual Church
1 Corinthians 6:9-10: Ability to Judge, Standard of Judgment, and Judging Effeminate Behavior (and Separating from It)
1 Corinthians 11:2-16, Headcoverings, and Historical Doctrine
Proof-Text Perversions: 1 Corinthians 12:13 (part one)
Proof-Text Perversions: 1 Corinthians 12:13 (part two)
Proof-Text Perversions: 1 Corinthians 12:13 (part three)
Proof-Text Perversions: 1 Corinthians 12:13 (part four)
Proof-Text Perversions: 1 Corinthians 12:13 (part five)
Proof-Text Perversions: 1 Corinthians 12:13 (part six)
A Review of Kevin Bauder’s Article on 1 Corinthians 12:13
En Protois and 1 Corinthians 15:3: First of All, First In Order
1 Corinthians 15:3: En Protois, First in Order or First in Importance, and Ranking Doctrines
1 Corinthians 15:1-4: When An Exegetical Fallacy Becomes a Translation and then a Philosophy
Gospel Minimization: Is Paul Saying in 1 Corinthians 15 that the Gospel Is Merely the Death, Burial, and Resurrection of Christ?
2 Corinthians
2 Corinthians 2:12-17: An Imperative Passage for a Right View of Ministry Success
How Big Is Disobedience to 2 Corinthians 6:14?
Romans
Romans 1:18 (Operation Suppression)
Let’s Think about Romans 6:23 in Its Context for a “Gospel Presentation”
Romans 8:14-16: Bondage and Fear: Not the Result of a Higher or “Stricter” Standard
Romans 10:9-13: Are “Confess” and “Call” Post-Justification?
Romans 10:9-13: Are “Confess” and “Call” Post-Justification? (part two)
Romans 10:9-13: Are “Confess” and “Call” Post-Justification? (part three)
Romans 10:9-13: Are “Confess” and “Call” Post-Justification? (part four)
Romans 10:9-13: Are “Confess” and “Call” Post-Justification? (part five)
Romans 14: Disputations about Doubtful Disputations (J)
Galatians
The Epistle to the Galatians and Evangelicalism or New Evangelicalism: Slaves or Sons
Does Christ live the Christian Life for the Christian? The Keswick View of Galatians 2:20 Examined, part 1 of 4 (T)
Galatians 2:20–the Keswick “Christ-life”? part 2 of 4 in Does Christ live the Christian Life for the Christian? The Keswick View of Galatians 2:20 Examined (T)
Do Keswick Critics Routinely Misrepresent Keswick Theology? Part 3 of 3 (T)
The Keswick Christ-life-other alleged Scriptural support: part 4 of 4 in Does Christ live the Christian Life for the Christian? The Keswick View of Galatians 2:20 Examined (T)
Paul Obliterates Pandering in Galatians: Social Justice Panderers
Paul Obliterates Pandering in Galatians: His Antidote to Pandering
Ephesians
As the Church Is Subject Unto Christ
Ephesians 6:19-20, Open My Mouth Boldly
Philippians
Philippians 2:14-16, Serious Griping
Colossians
Solution to All Human Problems (Colossians 1:1-2) (J)
A Valid Prayer Request (Colossians 1:9) (J)
If Ye Continue (Colossians 1:23) (J)
The Essential for Ministry (Colossians 1:24-25) (J)
Hearts Comforted (Colossians 2:1-2a) (J)
Keeping Rank, Holding the Line, and Marching Forward (Colossians 2:4-7) (J)
The Sufficiency of Jesus (Colossians 2:8-10) (J)
Spiritual Bullies (Colossians 2:16-17) (J)
Massively Exaggerated to the Point of Dishonest Applications of Colossians 2:20-23
A Way Into Heaven Before You Die (Colossians 3:1-4) (J)
Kill Yourself (Colossians 3:5) (J)
The New Refusal to Put Off the Old Man (Colossians 3:6-10) (J)
How Can I Forgive? (Colossians 3:13) (J)
Three Imperatives for the New Man (Colossians 3:15-17) (J)
The Relationships of the New Man (Colossians 3:18-4:1) (J)
Evangelistic Prayers (Colossians 4:2-6) (J)
A Brother, A Help, and A Fellow Slave of the Lord (Colossians 4:7) (J)
1 Thessalonians
Does 1 Thessalonians 1:9-10 Describe Conversion or Some Post Conversion Sanctification Experience?
1 Timothy
1 Timothy 4:10: “Saviour Of All Men”: What Does It Mean?
2 Timothy
Are Accurate Copies and Translations of Scripture-Such as the KJV-Inspired? A Study of 2 Timothy 3:16, part 1
Are Accurate Copies and Translations of Scripture-Such as the KJV-Inspired? A Study of 2 Timothy 3:16, part 2
Are Accurate Copies and Translations of Scripture-Such as the KJV-Inspired? A Study of 2 Timothy 3:16, part 3
Are Accurate Copies and Translations of Scripture-Such as the KJV-Inspired? A Study of 2 Timothy 3:16, part 4
Titus
“Having Faithful Children” in Titus 1:6 (J)
Hebrews
James
The “Altar Call”: James 1:21 and the Circumstances of Worship
James 5:14-20: The Pentecostal Doctrine of Faith-Healing and James 5:14-20, part 1 (T)
The Pentecostal Doctrine of Faith-Healing and James 5:14-20, part 2
The Pentecostal Doctrine of Faith-Healing and James 5:14-20, part 3 (T)
The Pentecostal Doctrine of Faith-Healing and James 5:14-20, part 4 (T)
James 5:14-20 and Unconventional or Alternative Medicine, part five (T)
1 Peter
Judgment Must Begin in the House of God
Judgment Must Begin in the House of God, pt. 2
2 Peter
2 Peter 3:16: Hard to Be Understood
1 John
1 John 4:1-3: The Command to “try the spirits” and the Rise of the Pentecostal, Charismatic, and Word of Faith Doctrine of Exorcism, part 1 of 3 (T)
1 John 4:1-3: The Command to “try the spirits” and the Rise of the Pentecostal, Charismatic, and Word of Faith Doctrine of Exorcism, part 2 of 3 (T)
1 John 4:1-3: The Command to “Try the spirits” and the rise of the Pentecostal, Charismatic, and Word of Faith Doctrine of Exorcism, part 3 of 3 (T)
2 John
Point of 2 John: Truth the Boundary of Acceptance
2 John 7-11: Case Study or Comprehensive?
Revelation
The Book of Life and Eternal Security–do Revelation 3:5 & Revelation 22:18-19 Teach that a Christian may Lose his Salvation? (T)
Revelation 12, Christmas in the Apocalypse
Revelation 22:18-19 and the Perfect Preservation of Scripture (J)
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